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Biological Classification aka Taxonomy

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Presentation on theme: "Biological Classification aka Taxonomy"— Presentation transcript:

1 Biological Classification aka Taxonomy
copyright cmassengale

2 copyright cmassengale
Species of Organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all organisms that ever lived!!!!! New organisms are still being found and identified copyright cmassengale

3 What is Classification?
Taxonomy - the discipline of arranging organisms into orderly groups and assigning each universally accepted name Taxonomists are scientists that identify & name organisms copyright cmassengale

4 Benefits of Classifying
Avoids confusion caused by having many common names for the same organism Prevents misnomers such as starfish & jellyfish that aren't really fish Uses same language (Latin or some Greek) for all names Sea”horse”?? copyright cmassengale

5 Confusion in Using Different Languages for Names
copyright cmassengale

6 Latin Names are Understood by all Taxonomists
copyright cmassengale

7 copyright cmassengale
Early Taxonomists 2000 years ago, Aristotle was the first taxonomist Aristotle divided organisms into plants & animals only copyright cmassengale

8 copyright cmassengale
Early Taxonomists John Ray, a botanist, was the first to use Latin for naming His names were very long descriptions telling everything about the plant copyright cmassengale

9 copyright cmassengale
Carolus Linnaeus 1707 – 1778 18th century taxonomist Classified organisms by their structure Developed naming system still used today (modified) copyright cmassengale

10 copyright cmassengale
Carolus Linnaeus Called the “Father of Taxonomy” Developed the modern system of naming known as binomial nomenclature It results in a ‘scientific name’ consisting of two parts. (Genus & species) copyright cmassengale

11 Writing Scientific Names
Capitalize the first letter of the genus, everything else is lowercase. Italicized in print Underline when writing by hand Turdus migratorius American Robin copyright cmassengale

12 Which TWO are more closely related? copyright cmassengale
Three Bears Which TWO are more closely related? copyright cmassengale

13 copyright cmassengale
8 Taxons (Groups) Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species Taxonomy Song! Taxon ( taxa-plural) is a category into which related organisms are placed copyright cmassengale

14 Hierarchy-Taxonomic Groups
Domain Kingdom Phylum (Division – used for plants) Class Order Family Genus Species BROADEST TAXON Genus and species are the two names used to identify specific organisms in the binomial system of classification. Division is used for plants. Most Specific copyright cmassengale

15 copyright cmassengale
Linnaeus proposed 7 taxons, but now we use 8. copyright cmassengale

16 copyright cmassengale

17 copyright cmassengale

18 copyright cmassengale
Domains Dr. V – Outline the three domains, six kingdoms, talk about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Distribute Summary Table copyright cmassengale

19 copyright cmassengale
Cladogram Diagram showing how organisms are related based on shared, derived characteristics such as feathers, hair, or scales copyright cmassengale

20 copyright cmassengale
Primate Cladogram copyright cmassengale

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