1. Biology 3451
Entomology
Introduction

2. How the course is organized
Part 1: Guts ‘n’ Gonads
Internal and External Structure
1. All major body sections + associated appendages
2. All major organ systems and how they work.
Part 2: Tiptoe through the Orders
1. Insect evolution and paleontology
2. Characteristics of the insect orders and how they are related
Part 3: Assorted and Fascinating Topics
- such as: communication, overwintering strategies, mating systems, forensic entomology

3. Why we care about insects.
1. Annoyance/Disease
2. Competition
3. Providers
4. Fascination
5. Mythology

4. History of Entomology
Eygptian Mythology
- scarab (dung ) beetle
Cartouche of Pharaohs

5. History of Entomology
Aristotle ( BC)
History of the Animals
On the Parts of Animals
On the Generation of Animals
Contributions
1. Observations on behaviour/natural history
2. First attempt at taxonomy
3. Applied entomology (pest control)
4. Recognized metamorphosis

6. History of Entomology
Pliny the Elder ( AD)
Historica Naturalis

7. History of Entomology
Albertus Magnus ( )
De Animalibus
-covered 33 insect species

8. History of Entomology
Anton van Leeuwenhoek ( )
microscopy
described viviparity and parthenogensis in aphids

9. History of Entomology
Marcello Malpighi ( )
-published first detailed anatomy
of any invertebrate (Bombyx)

10. History of Entomology
Jan Swammerdam ( )
(“Father of Entomology”)
-microanatomical studies
(mayfly, honeybee)

11. History of Entomology
John Ray ( )
-scheme for classification of all living things (including insects)

12. History of Entomology
Carl von Linné ( )
(Linnaeus)
binomial classification system
described over 2000 species of insects

13. History of Entomology
J.C. Fabricius ( )
student of Linnaeus
classified insects based on mouthparts
Systema Entomologica (1775)
-basis of insect classification
Philosophia Entomologica (1778)
-first entomology text
- described >10,000 species

14. History of Entomology
P.F.M.A. Dejean ( )
-first to specialize on one group of insects
- described >22,000 species of beetles

15. History of Entomology
Thomas Say ( )
-wrote first treatise on insects
in North America
“American Entomology”

16. History of Entomology Swammerdam Von Leeuwenhoek Say Ray Fabricius
Aristotle
Pliny the Elder
Albertus Magnus
Invention of microscope
Swammerdam
Von Leeuwenhoek
Say
Ray
Fabricius
Malpighi
Linnaeus

17. PHYLOGENY Arthropoda Hexapoda Crustacea (crabs, lobsters, barnacles)
Pauropoda
Diplopoda (millipedes)
Myriapoda
Chilopoda (centipedes)
Arthropoda
Symphyla
Arachnida (spiders, mites, ticks)
Eurypterida (sea scorpions)
Chelicerata
Xiphosura (horseshoe crabs)
Pycnogonida (sea spiders)
Trilobita (trilobites)

18. PHYLOGENY Arthropoda Hexapoda Crustacea (crabs, lobsters, barnacles)
Pauropoda
Diplopoda (millipedes)
Myriapoda
Chilopoda (centipedes)
Arthropoda
Symphyla
Arachnida (spiders, mites, ticks)
Eurypterida (sea scorpions)
Chelicerata
Xiphosura (horseshoe crabs)
Pycnogonida (sea spiders)
Trilobita (trilobites)

19. The Insect Orders
Collembola
Protura
Hexapoda
Diplura
Insecta

20. The Insect Orders Insecta Archaeognatha Thysanura Ephemeroptera
Paleoptera
Odonata
Pterygota
Plecoptera
Embiidina
Orthopteroids
Phasmida
Orthoptera
Mantophasmatodea
Zoraptera
Dictyoptera
Grylloblatodea
Neoptera
Hemipteroids
Psocodea
Thysanoptera
Hemiptera
Endopterygota

21. The Insect Orders (continued
Archaeognatha
Insecta
Thysanura
Paleoptera
Orthopteroids
Megaloptera
Pterygota
Rhaphidioptera
Neuroptera
Neoptera
Hemipteroids
Coleoptera ?
Strepsiptera
Endopterygota
Diptera
Mecoptera
Siphonaptera
Trichoptera
Lepidoptera
Hymenoptera

22. Animal Abundance - Number of Species

23. Relative Abundance of the Major Insect Divisions
From the phylogenetic tree:
Endopterygota = Coleopteroids + Strepsiptera + Lepidopteroids + Dipteroids Hymenoptera
Exopterygota = Hemipteroids + Paleoptera + Orthopteroids
Apterygota = Thysanura + Archaeognatha

24. Insect Orders - Number of Species

25. Insect Orders - Number of Species (log plot)

26. 2. Reproductive capacity & adaptibility
WHY ARE INSECTS SO SUCCESSFUL?
1. Ability to fly
2. Reproductive capacity & adaptibility
3. Resist drying - exoskeleton
4. Small size
5. Metamorphosis

27. Next time
Why insects are crunchy!