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What is Classification?

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Presentation on theme: "What is Classification?"— Presentation transcript:

1 What is Classification?
Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities Classification is also known as taxonomy Taxonomists are scientists that identify & name organisms

2 Benefits of Classifying
Accurately & uniformly names organisms Prevents misnomers such as starfish & jellyfish that aren't really fish Uses same language (Latin or some Greek) for all names Sea”horse”??

3 Confusion in Using Different Languages for Names

4 Early Taxonomists 2000 years ago, Aristotle was the first taxonomist
Aristotle divided organisms into plants & animals He subdivided them by their habitat ---land, sea, or air dwellers

5 Carolus Linnaeus 1707 – 1778 18th century taxonomist
Classified organisms by their structure Developed naming system still used today

6 Carolus Linnaeus Called the “Father of Taxonomy”
Developed the modern system of naming known as binomial nomenclature Two-word name (Genus & species)

7 Standardized Naming Binomial nomenclature used Genus species
Latin or Greek Italicized in print Capitalize genus, but NOT species Underline when writing Turdus migratorius American Robin

8 Classification Groups
There is a hierarchy of groups from broadest to most specific Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

9 Sewage treatment plants, thermal vents, etc.
Kingdom - Monera Archaea live in harsh environments and may represent the first cells to have evolved. Sewage treatment plants, thermal vents, etc.

10 Many bacteria are important environmentally and commercially.
Kingdom - Monera Eubacteria, some cause human diseases, are present in almost all habitats Live in the intestines of animals Many bacteria are important environmentally and commercially.

11 Kingdom Protista Most are unicellular Some are multicellular
Some are autotrophic, while others are heterotrophic

12 Kingdom - Fungi Multicellular, except yeast
Absorptive heterotrophs (digest food outside their body & then absorb it) Cell walls made of chitin

13 Kingdom - Plantae Multicellular Autotrophic
Absorb sunlight to make glucose – Photosynthesis Cell walls made of cellulose Growth, with increases in size and number of cells, is part of development. Development involves many stages from conception until death.

14 Kingdom - Animalia Multicellular
Ingestive heterotrophs (consume food & digest it inside their bodies) Feed on plants or animals

15 Basis for Modern Taxonomy
Homologous structures (same structure, different function) Similar embryo development Similarity in DNA, RNA, or amino acid sequence of Proteins

16 Dichotomous Keying Used to identify organisms
Characteristics given in pairs Read both characteristics and either go to another set of characteristics OR identify the organism

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