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Classification of Organisms

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1 Classification of Organisms
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2 copyright cmassengale
Species of Organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all organisms that ever lived!!!!! New organisms are still being found and identified copyright cmassengale

3 What is Classification?
Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities Classification is also known as taxonomy copyright cmassengale

4 What is taxonomy? Taxonomy - the branch of biology concerned with the grouping and naming of organisms Biologists who study this are called taxonomists

5 Benefits of Classifying
Accurately & uniformly names organisms Prevents misnomers such as starfish & jellyfish that aren't really fish Uses same language (Latin or some Greek) for all names Sea”horse”?? copyright cmassengale

6 Confusion in Using Different Languages for Names
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7 Latin Names are Understood by all Taxonomists
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8 copyright cmassengale
Early Taxonomists 2000 years ago, Aristotle - was the first taxonomist Aristotle divided organisms into plants & animals He subdivided them by their habitat ---land, sea, or air dwellers copyright cmassengale

9 copyright cmassengale
Carolus Linnaeus 1707 – 1778 18th century taxonomist Classified organisms by their structure Developed naming system still used today copyright cmassengale

10 copyright cmassengale
Carolus Linnaeus Called the “Father of Taxonomy” Developed the modern system of naming known as binomial nomenclature Two-word name (Genus & species) copyright cmassengale

11 Binomial Nomenclature
Which TWO are more closely related? copyright cmassengale

12 copyright cmassengale
Standardized Naming Binomial nomenclature used Genus species Latin or Greek Italicized in print Capitalize genus, but NOT species Underline when writing Turdus migratorius American Robin copyright cmassengale

13 Who is Carolus Linnaeus?
Carolus Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist Developed a 7-level (taxa) classification system based on similarities between organisms

14 The Seven Level System Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Dear King Phillip Called Oprah For Good Spices You are introducing students to the whole taxonomic system, but (6.12D) focuses on only the Domain and Kingdom. Biology will cover the remainder of the classification system categories ( Phylum-Species), our job is to build a strong foundational knowledge of what determines the Domain and Kingdom an organism will be placed in.

15 Hierarchy-Taxonomic Groups
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species BROADEST TAXON Genus and species are the two names used to identify specific organisms in the binomial system of classification. Division is used for plants. Most Specific copyright cmassengale

16 copyright cmassengale
Dumb King Phillip Came Over For Gooseberry Soup! copyright cmassengale

17 Domains Domains are the broadest taxonomic classification of living organisms The 3 Domains: Archaea Bacteria Eukarya

18 Domains are Divided into Kingdoms
Archaea----- Archaebacteria Bacteria Eubacteria Eukarya Protist Fungi Plantae Animalia

19 How does it work? There are 6 broad kingdoms
Every living thing that we know of fits into one of the six kingdoms Each level gets more specific as fewer organisms fit into any one group

20 Six Kingdoms of Life Students will need to begin using their Characteristics of Kingdom Comparison Matrix (template is in curriculum central) Placement into kingdoms is based on: Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic Unicellular or multicellular Autotrophic or heterotopic Mode of reproduction

21 The grouping of organisms into KINGDOMS is based on 3 factors:
1. Cell Type (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) 2. Cell Number (unicellular or multicellular) 3. Feeding Type (autotroph or heterotroph)

22 Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes
1. Cell Type- The presence or absence of cellular structures such as the nucleus, mitochondria, or a cell wall Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes

23 Prokaryotes – Bacteria!
PRO = NO NUCLEUS: UNICELLULAR Kingdom - Eubacteria Prokaryotic – Bacteria is unicellular Structured organelles – has a cell wall

24

25 Eukaryotes – PLANTS & ANIMALS
EU = TRUE NUCLEUS MULTICELLULAR nucleus organized with a membrane other organelles

26

27 Unicellular- single celled organism – protozoans, bacteria, some algae
2nd criteria for Kingdom Divisions: Cell Number Unicellular- single celled organism – protozoans, bacteria, some algae Multicellular- many celled organism – cells start to specialize/differentiate

28 Unicellular Multicellular

29 Heterotroph or Consumer
3rd Criteria for Kingdom Divisions Feeding Type - How the organisms get their food Autotroph or Producer Make their own food Heterotroph or Consumer Must eat other organisms to survive Includes decomposers – those that eat dead matter!

30 Prokaryotes Eukaryotes 6 Kingdoms Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista
Fungi Plantae Animalia Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

31 copyright cmassengale
FOR EACH SECTION of your ORGANIZER you MUST INCLUDE: KINGDOM NAME CELL TYPE CELL NUMBER FEEDING TYPE EXAMPLES 2-3 Example Drawings (colored) There is a VIDEO on my WIKI to HELP!! copyright cmassengale

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