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Classification.

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Presentation on theme: "Classification."— Presentation transcript:

1 Classification

2 There are 2 million known species of organisms.
That have been named, given a Latin name and counted. This is may only be 20% of all organisms that New organisms are still being found and identified E.O. Wilson, Half-Earth

3

4 What is Classification?
Classification is the grouping of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities Classification is also known as taxonomy Taxonomists are scientists that identify & name organisms

5 Benefits of Classifying
Accurately & uniformly names organisms Prevents confusion such as starfish & jellyfish that aren't really fish Uses same language (Latin) for all names Sea”horse”?

6 Confusion in Using Different Languages for Names

7 Latin Names are Understood by all Taxonomists

8 Early Taxonomists 2000 years ago, Aristotle was the first taxonomist
Aristotle divided organisms into plants & animals Plants - shrubs or trees Animals – by habitat

9 Early Taxonomists John Ray, a botanist, was the first to use Latin for naming His names were very long descriptions telling everything about the plant

10 Carolus Linnaeus 1707 – 1778 18th century taxonomist
Classified organisms by their similarity & structure His system is still used today

11 Carolus Linnaeus Called the “Father of Taxonomy” Developed the “binomial nomenclature” Two name naming system

12 Binomial Nomenclature

13 Classification Groups
Taxon ( taxa-plural) is a category into which related organisms are placed

14 Hierarchy-Taxonomic Groups
Kingdom Phylum (Division – used for plants) Class Order Family Genus Species BROADEST TAXON Genus and species are the two names used to identify specific organisms in the binomial system of classification. Division is used for plants. Most specific

15 King Phillip Came Over For Granny’s Spaghetti

16 Standardized Naming Scientific Names: Rules: Use the Genus & species
Latin Italicized in print Underline when writing Capitalize genus, but NOT species Turdus migratorius American Robin

17

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19 Rules for Naming Organisms
The International Code for Binomial Nomenclature contains the rules for naming organisms All names must be approved by International Naming Congresses (International Zoological Congress) This prevents duplicated names

20 Dichotomous Key Paired statements used to identify organisms
Read both characteristics and either go to another set of characteristics OR identify the organism

21 Example of Dichotomous Key
1a Tentacles present – Go to 2 1b Tentacles absent – Go to 3 2a Eight Tentacles – Octopus 2b More than 8 tentacles – 3 3a Tentacles hang down – go to 4 3b Tentacles upright–Sea Anemone 4a Balloon-shaped body–Jellyfish 4b Body NOT balloon-shaped - 5

22 Taxons Most genera contain a number of similar species, with the exception of Homo that only contains modern humans Classification is based on evolutionary relationships

23 Basis for Modern Taxonomy
Homologous structures (same structure, different function) embryo development DNA, RNA, or amino acid sequence of proteins

24 Homologous Structures show Similarities in mammals.

25 Similarities in Vertebrate Embryos

26 Cladogram Diagram showing how organisms are related based on shared, derived characteristics such as feathers, hair, or scales copyright cmassengale

27 Primate Cladogram copyright cmassengale

28

29 Credits: CMassengale Biology Junction E.O. Wilson – Half-Earth

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Classification.

Classification.
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