1. The Cold War

2. I. The Cold War Defined
A. A continuing state of tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union

3. II. Development of the Cold War
U.S. saw Soviet Union as threat to their way of life
USSR thought they had won WWII
Lost most lives
Wanted to gain land as prize
Saw U.S. as threat

4. Development of the Cold War
Iron Curtain-figure of speech by Churchill describing line separating free and communist Europe
“From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in many cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow. “
Excerpt from Winston Churchill’s “Iron Curtain Speech.”

6. Key Concept: How did the Cold War affect the domestic and foreign policies of the United States?
Domestic Policies:
1. McCarthyism
2. HUAC
House of Un-American Activities Committee
3. Loyalty oaths
4. Blacklists
5. Bomb shelters
Foreign Policies:
1. Korean War
2. Arms Race
3. Truman Doctrine
4. Eisenhower Doctrine
Actors and writers protest the Hollywood Blacklist.
A 1950s era bomb shelter

7. Key Concept: What were the six major strategies of the Cold War?1.
The six major strategies were:
1. Brinkmanship,
2. Espionage,
3. Foreign aid,
4. Alliances,
5. Propaganda,
6. Proxy wars. 3. 2. 4. 5. 6.

8. III. Post WWII/Cold War Goals for US
Promote open markets for US goods to prevent another depression
Promote democracy throughout
the world, especially in Asia
and Africa
Stop the spread of communism
“Domino Effect”

9. IV. Post WWII/Cold War Goals for USSR
Create greater security for itself
lost tens of millions of people in WWII and
Stalin’s purges
feared a strong Germany
Establish defensible borders
Encourage friendly governments on its borders
Spread communism around the world

10. V. Cold War Doctrines
Truman Doctrine-promised aid to countries resisting communism
Soviets pressuring Greece and Turkey to become communist
Containment- philosophy of limiting spread of communism
Marshall Plan- aid to strengthen democratic governments

11. Division of Germany Divided into four zones Berlin Airlift (1948-1949)
West Germany free
East Germany communist controlled
Berlin Airlift ( )
Communists forced blockade of West Berlin
U.S. , Britain flew in food almost everyday for a year.

13. VI. Cold War Alliances NATO-North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Free nations pledged support to each other if attacked by communism
SEATO-Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
Stop the spread of communism in Southeast Asia, following Korean War
Warsaw Pact
Included Soviet Union and its seven satellite nations

15. VII. Cold War Heats Up
1940’s-50’s Hungarian and Czechoslovakian anti-communist revolts forcefully repressed by USSR
Beginning of Atomic Age
1949 Soviet Detonation of Nuclear Bomb
U.S. begins work on hydrogen bomb
Next 50 years arms race between two

16. Cold War Heats Up Space Race Competition for space
1957 Soviet’s launch Sputnik
U.S. starts NASA
Use of Spy satellite equipment
1958- U.S. sent Explorer
1969- Apollo 11 lands first man on the moon

21. Break-up of Soviet Union, 1991
1985 – Glasnost - the policy or practice of more open consultative government and wider dissemination of information, initiated by leader Mikhail Gorbachev Poland breaks away from Soviet Union
Solidarity- movement that called for economic and political change led by Lech Walesa
Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania left USSR 1991
USSR dissolved Dec. 1991
Commonwealth of Independent States, led by Russia under Boris Yeltsin
Economic, religious, and crime problems

22. Fall of the Berlin Wall, 1990
Triggered by flood of refugees flowing east to west through Hungary
Wall came down Nov. 1990; Germany began reunification process

31. Collapse of the Soviet Union
Stalin’s successors
Nikita Kruschev – hard line communist
Leonid Brezhnev
Practiced a policy of détente ( lessening of tensions) with the U.S.
Characterized by
Arms control talks
Cultural exchanges
Trade agreements

32. The Fall of the Soviet Union
Causes
Leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev
Glasnost-openness to democracy
Perestroika-reshaping of economy
Economic movements
Freedom Movements
Effects
Formation of Commonwealth of Independent States
Loss of role as superpower
End of Cold War
Economic Hardship
Minority Revolts and ethnic conflicts
Fall of Soviet
Union

35. Collapse of Yugoslavia and Civil War
Yugoslavia created after WWI
6 Major National Groups
Croats- Roman Catholic
Slovenes- Roman Catholic
Serbs- Eastern Orthodox
Montenegrins- Eastern Orthodox
Macedonians – Eastern Orthodox
Bosnians - Muslims

37. Civil War
At independence Serbs in Bosnia used force to remove all non-Serbs
Ethnic Cleansing-removal or killing of ethnic group
Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic led campaign to remove non-Serbs
NATO used Military Campaign against Milosevic

38. Civil War cont’d Milosevic arrested tried for war crimes
Tensions still exist between ethnic groups
2004-Ukrainian (pro-western) Presidential Candidate Victor Yushchenko poisoned