1. Chapter 12
Southern Europe

2. Physical Geography 1. Iberian Peninsula – Spain and Portugal
Pyrenees Mountains– Spain and France; have high massifs (formed by fault line activity)
2. Italian Peninsula – Italy

3. Peninsulas
3. Balkan Peninsula – Greece (mountainous surrounded by 3 seas)
Apennine Mountains – spine of Italian peninsula
Alps – natural border between Italian peninsula and Northern Europe, Alps – Mount Blanc – highest point

4. Physical
Greece – over 2,000 islands, Mount Pindus is the mountain range, Mount Olympus is the highest point
Larger islands – Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, Crete, Cyprus
Mt. Etna – Europe’s tallest active volcano on island of Sicily
3 seas around Italy – Adriatic, Ionian, Tyrrhenian

5. Water
Tagus River – goes through Spain & through Portugal into the Atlantic
Ebro River– Spain’s longest river

6. Rivers in Italy
Po River – runs through the plains of Lombardy and is Italy’s longest river
Venice – mouth of the Po River on Adriatic Sea, city built on dikes and canals
Tiber River – Italy’s 2nd largest river, primary water source for Rome

7. Water Maritsa River borders Greece and Turkey
Aegean Sea separates Greece from Turkey

8. Climate of Southern Europe
Mediterranean climate of Southern Europe; 30 inches of rain a year
Winters in southern Europe are mild and rainy

9. Natural Resources
Portugal – copper
Spain – coal, tin and tungsten (heavy metal element)
Spain and Italy-hydroelectricity
Spain and Portugal contain the world’s largest supply of cork

10. Roman Republic Founded in Italy Largest empire in 27 BC
200 years of peace was called Pax Romana
Julius Caesar
Christianity became dominant religion
450 First Roman Law Code

11. Roman Republic
Roman Republic founded in Italy – law and balance of power
Renaissance – “rebirth” in Florence, Italy ( )

12. Greece History
Ancient Greece – city states (independently governed community of a city and surrounding land) 400BC’s
Athens – democracy, every citizen votes
Sparta – war and battle

13. Italy
Capital – Rome
Vatican City – (smallest country in the world) within Rome relies on complementarity or interdependence with Rome (Roman Catholic)
Universal healthcare system
Women in Italy are highly educated, but do not hold high offices in politics

14. Italy
The automobile is one of Italy's greatest products.  In addition to the Fiat brand, Fiat owns the Lamborghini, Ferrari, Maserati
The Italian peninsula is home to two microstates, San Marino and Vatican City .

15. Italy Government: Democracy, Republic
Italy has two bigger islands Sicily and Sardenia and many smaller ones such as Capri, Elba and Ischia.
Po – longest river in Italy, Venice is on the mouth of the Po
Tiber River goes through Rome

16. Greece
Capital – Athens Family is important in culture (My Big Fat Greek Wedding)
Economy – high unemployment, small farms, rely on tourism, banking, retail
Pindus Mountains – highest point is Mount Olympus

17. Greece
Athens is one of the oldest cities in Europe. It is also the birthplace of democracy, Western philosophy, the Olympic Games,Parthenon, the Acropolis
Introduced democracy to the world

18. Spain Spain – capital Madrid
Spain is known for its olive oil production. It produces about 45% of all olive oil in the world. 
Government type: parliamentary monarchy
94% of the citizens of Spain are Roman Catholic

19. Spain The Pyrenees is a mountain range that divides Spain and France.
Football (soccer) is the most popular sport in Spain.
The Running of the Bulls takes place in Pamplona, Spain to help kick off the festival of San Fermin

20. Portugal Capital – Lisbon The Economy--Portugal
Benefits from textile (clothing)
Economy contains - Subsistence farming
Wine grapes, citrus fruits, olives, rice, cork, wheat