1. INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

2. Organic means: “contains carbon”
ORGANIC MOLECULES
Organic means: “contains carbon”
90% of all known compounds are organic

3. ELEMENTS IN ORGANIC MOLECULES
There are six elements that are most common in organic molecules:
Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)
Nitrogen (N)
Phosphorus (P)
Sulfur (S)
CHONPS
(Like CHOMPS,
but with an N!)

5. CARBON H H C H H Carbon can form covalent bonds with 4 other atoms.
Because Carbon can bond with four other atoms, Carbon can help make many different structures. This helps to ensure diversity of life on earth! H H C H H

6. COVALENT BONDS In covalent bonds, atoms share electrons
They are the strongest type of chemical bond
Atoms can share one, two or three electrons.

7. TYPES OF COVALENT BONDS
Share one electron: Single bond
C-C
Share two electrons: Double bond
C=C
Share three electrons: Triple bond
CΞC

8. WHAT ARE ATOMS? Atoms: (smallest piece of a certain element):
Oxygen Atom
Carbon Atom

9. PUTTING ATOMS TOGETHER MAKES MOLECULES
Molecules: A combination of atoms
Example: Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
How many atoms of Carbon does CO2 have?

10. DIFFERENT WAYS OF VISUALIZING (DRAWING) MOLECULES: Example: Water
Remember: In covalent bonds, atoms share electrons. This holds each atom together.

11. THE FOUR MOST COMMON TYPES OF ORGANIC MOLECULES
Carbohydrates: such as sugar and pasta
Lipids: such as butter and olive oil
Proteins: such as meat, nuts and soy
Nucleic Acids: such as DNA

12. EXAMPLES: CARBOHYDRATES
Sucrose 

13. EXAMPLES: LIPIDS
Triglyceride
Fatty Acids
Cholesterol

14. Hemoglobin (a protein)
EXAMPLES: PROTEINS
Amino Acids
Hemoglobin (a protein)

15. EXAMPLES: NUCLEIC ACIDS
Nucleotides
DNA

16. HOW TO REMEMBER STRUCTURES
Carbohydrates:
Have a 5-Carbon ring form, or often have many rings joined in a line (or branching from each other) by an oxygen molecule
Lipids:
Have long hydrocarbon chains (chains of hydrogen and carbon atoms), and steroids have rings joined at the side.

17. HOW TO REMEMBER STRUCTURES…continued
Proteins: Carbon atom with four “groups” coming off of it:
1) COO- 2) H 3)H3N 4) random
Or, the molecule is made of many of these Carbon atom groups joined together and looks “globular”
Nucleic Acids: single 6-Carbon ring structures, or a 6-C ring fused to a 5-C ring. Many of these joined together