1. Industrialization created large
C.I.T.I.E.S.

2. C.
Cities grow rapidly
At the founding in 1787, only about 5% of Americans lived in cities
By 1900, it was 50%
Today, it is about 80%

3. I. Immigrants flood to cities
Irish, Italian, and Jewish immigrants were the main groups

4. T. Transportation: subways and trolley
The first subway in U.S. : Boston in 1897

5. I. Industrial growth Industrial growth fueled urbanization
Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, New York, and Pittsburgh were major manufacturing centers

6. E. Extra services: sewer/water
Mass of people meant services were needed
New York’s sewer system dates from 1850

7. S.
Slums and tenements
Slums: overcrowded and rundown living areas in a city
Tenements: apartment buildings built for immigrants that were often overcrowded and a fire hazard