1. Who had the power and authority in Era 3?
Lesson 3
Who had the power and authority in Era 3?
An exploration of three types of political structures in the Mediterranean

2. Empire Review Think-Pair-Share:
Think – Based on what we have studied so far, what is
an empire?
Pair – Talk with a partner about your ideas. Together,
jot down some of the characteristics (the recipe!) of an empire.
Share- Be ready to share your thoughts with the class.

3. EMPIRES Did not start from scratch and developed over time
Had strong leaders with powerful armies that gained land through conquest.
Developed systems and bureaucracies to manage people and resources.
Built roads and expanded trade networks, connecting people and sharing ideas.
Had established religions, but also often allowed other religions to be practiced.
Declined for different reasons, but often because of conflicts over power.

4. This lesson Area we will study: The Mediterranean Area
Concept we will study: Government

5. Different types of Governments Who had the power and authority?

6. Note: Greece lasted as an empire for only a short time.?

7. Although the timeline mentions a “Greek Empire,” there was never a unified Greek empire under one authority that controlled vast territories.
Rather, there was an alliance of Greek city-states called the Delian League that was controlled by the city-state of Athens that had far-reaching influence.
While some people refer to this as the Greek Empire, it did not exist as an empire in the same way that Rome did because it did not completely control as large an area, and because there was less central authority. Also, not all Greek city-states were a part of it.

8. Greek Empire… or Athenian Empire?
The area under the control of the Delian League (controlled by Athens),
around 450 BCE.

9. Geography and History
Read page 169 in your textbook and complete this sheet.

11. The Rise of Greek Civilization
Read pages in your textbook and take notes using these sheets

13. Mycenaean Artifact Activity

14. Ceramic bowl used for wine

15. Small duck vase carved out of rock crystal

16. Gold drinking cup

17. Jar with octopus design

18. Gold Jewelry

19. Dagger with Sea Creatures

20. Gold Funerary mask

21. Lead statues of a female dancer and a flute player

22. Sequence Activity

23. City-State
a “community,” that with its immediate surrounding territory, recognizes no higher political authority than itself.
A city-state has its own view of power and authority as reflected in its political structure.
It has its own identity reflected in its own culture and social institutions.
It is not controlled by a larger body like a country.
Turn and Talk: How is a city-state different from an empire?

25. Decision making and power in Athens

26. Introduction to Athens and Athenian Democracy

27. Text in the Middle Activity

28. Females, slaves and foreigners
Athenian Democracy
Who had power?
Who did not have power?
Male citizens
Females, slaves and foreigners

29. How could citizens participate in the democracy of Athens?
Athenian Democracy
How could citizens participate in the democracy of Athens?
They could vote.
They could serve on the Ruling Council.
They could vote on new laws.
They could serve on juries.
They could vote out politicians they did not like.

31. Assembly- open to all citizens; made decisions by arguing and voting
Council of 500: representatives of the 10 tribes; carried out decisions of the Assembly
Redo graphic
The basic structure of government in Athens
Elected officials like generals and judges who had specific jobs.

32. Assembly- open to all citizens; made decisions by arguing and voting
Council of 500: representatives of the 10 tribes; carried out decisions of the Assembly
Redo graphic
Elected officials like generals and judges who had specific jobs.

33. from Republic to Empire
Rome…
from Republic to Empire

34. Rome Rome began as a city-state in Italy, not far from Greece.
It went on to become one of the largest empires in human history.
It had two different periods of government: The Republic and the Empire

35. Hills that made it easy to defend. Fertile soil
Read page 211 in your textbook and identify and list 4 geographic advantages Rome had.
Hills that made it easy to defend.
Fertile soil
A source of water (Tiber river)
Located at the center of the Mediterranean Sea region.

36. Rome over time… red = Roman empire
390 BCE

37. Rome over time… red = Roman empire
100 BCE

38. Rome over time… red = Roman empire
50 BCE

39. Read the top section of page 212 in your textbook and be ready to answer this question
Who were the Etruscans?

40. What is another example of people who did not want a king?
After driving the last Etruscan king from the throne, the Romans vowed never again to put so much trust in kings. They wanted a government that did not rely on the will of one ruler.
What is another example of people who did not want a king?

41. Romans Form a Republic
Read pages in your textbook and complete this sheet.

43. The basic structure of government of the Roman Republic
Assembly
The Democratic Branch
Senate
The Aristocratic Branch
Consuls
The Monarchical (Kingly) Branch
The basic structure of government of the Roman Republic

44. Consul Senate Assembly
Number 2
300+
All citizens
Powers
Ran the gov’t
Led the military
Created laws
Controlled the money
Approved laws
Approved wars and alliances
Limits on Power
One year term
Could veto each other
No power over military
Laws could be rejected
Couldn’t create laws
No control over money

45. How was this government similar to and different from the government of Athens?

46. The Decline of the Republic
Read pages 214 – 215 in your textbook and summarize the sequence of events described in the text using the chart below

48. Power in the Roman Empire

49. Small group discussion: Do we take Caesar Augustus at his word?
The Deeds of the Divine Augustus, carved into a temple wall
For example, in the Deeds of the Divine Augustus, he claimed that “All Italy swore allegiance to me voluntarily, and demanded me as leader of the war which I won at Actium.”
Do you think this is true?
Do you think everyone in Rome wanted him to be emperor?
Why would Caesar Augustus write this?
Do you think this document portrays Caesar Augustus in a positive or negative light?
Can we believe his account of his own actions?
How do we resolve any doubts we might have about his account?

50. The Fall of the Roman Republic and the Rise of the Empire

51. Republic
Empire

52. Summary Activity