1. Characteristics of Biotic Factors
Made of cells. Consist of levels of organization (cell, tissue, organ, organ system)
Respond and adapt to their environment
Grow and develop
Reproduce - The production of offspring that are similar to the parents.
Use energy. Undergo chemical reactions (metabolism)
Movement within a cell to maintain Homeostasis
Which of these require energy?

2. Cell Theory pg.395 in txtbk. organ system
All living things are made up of cells.
Basic unit of structure and function of all living things.
Cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
population
organism
organ system
organ
tissue
cell

3. Cell Structure & Function

4. Examples of Cells and their different structures
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Bacteria
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell

5. Over 200 different types of human cells with different structures
Erythrocytes
Fibroblasts
Epithelial cells
(a) Cells that connect body parts,
form linings, or transport gases
Nerve cell
Skeletal
Muscle
cell
Smooth
muscle cells
(e) Cell that gathers information
and control body functions
(b) Cells that move organs and
body parts
Sperm
Macrophage
(f) Cell of reproduction
Fat cell
(c) Cell that stores nutrients
(d) Cell that
fights disease

6. Generalized Cell Human cells have three basic parts:
All cells have some common structures and functions
Human cells have three basic parts:
Plasma membrane—flexible outer boundary
Cytoplasm—intracellular fluid containing organelles
Nucleus—control center

7. Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells
~ 1/10 the size of eukaryotic cells
Large compared to prokaryotic cells
Nuclear area not membrane bound called the nucleoid
Membrane bound nucleus w/ a nucleolus
Single circular DNA
Many chromosomes w/ linear DNA
No membrane bound organelles
MB: Golgi, lysosomes, ER, peroxisomes, mitochondria

8. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Similarities
Both have ribosomes and cytoplasm
Both require a supply of energy
Both have DNA as their genetic material
Both are covered by a plasma (cell) membrane
Both are made from the same basic chemicals: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acid, minerals, fats and vitamins.
Both regulate the flow of the nutrients and wastes that enter and leave them

9. Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes
An organism whose cells lack a true nucleus and
Some other cell structures.
Do not have structures surrounded by membranes
Few internal structures
EX: Bacteria
Unicellular = one Celled

10. Eukaryotic Cell - plant
Multicellular = Many cells

11. Eukaryotic Cell - animal
Multicellular = Many cells

12. Organelles – Small cell structures
Cell Parts
Organelles – Small cell structures

13. Surrounding the Cell

14. Cell Membrane All cells contain a cell membrane
Controls movement in and out of the cell
Double layer

15. Cell Wall a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.
The outermost structure of the cell
Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria
Supports & protects cells

16. Inside the Cell

17. Nucleus Directs cell activities
Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
Contains genetic material - DNA

18. A rod-shaped cellular structure made of
Chromosomes
A rod-shaped cellular structure made of
condensed chromatin
In nucleus
Made of DNA
Contain instructions for traits & characteristics

19. Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture – 80% water
Located between the nucleus and cell membrane
Many organelles found suspended within the cytoplasm
Cyto = cell
Plasm = to form or mold

20. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Transport system - Moves materials to Golgi
Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface

21. Ribosomes Make proteins
Each cell contains thousands - found on ER & floating throughout the cytoplasm

22. Mitochondria
Produces energy through chemical reactions – THE POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL
Controls level of water and other materials in cell
Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

23. Golgi Bodies Sorts, modifies, stores, packages & distribute materials
Move materials within & out of the cell

24. Lysosome Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
Contain digestive enzymes – break down old cell parts, cells, bacteria, and viruses
Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

25. Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
Contains water solution
Help plants maintain shape

26. Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll
Where photosynthesis takes place