1. With your VERTICAL partner, discuss the following:
Start-Up - Discussion
With your VERTICAL partner, discuss the following:
What is the difference between a story that is realistic and one that is unrealistic? What qualities does a story need to have to be considered realistic?
(Class Discussion)

2. Start-Up - Writing
Now answer the following in writing:
Give one example of a story (from a book, movie, TV show) that you are familiar with that you think is realistic and one that is unrealistic.
Describe some of the key differences between the two.
(Class Discussion)

3. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.4
Today’s Objective
By the end of the period, students will be able to define realism and imagery and will begin to analyze examples of the imagery in Stephen Crane’s story, A Mystery of Heroism to determine their effectiveness in enhancing the realistic tone of the story.
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.4
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.11.9

4. What Is Realism? The faithful representation of reality in writing.
Take a moment to discuss this with your group.
On your paper, write your own definition for realism.
(Share out)
Now write down MY definition:
The faithful representation of reality in writing.

5. Characteristics of Realism
Emphasis on everyday characters with universal appeal.
The “common man”
Use of everyday speech patterns to show class distinctions.
The “common language”
Detailed description of ordinary characters and realistic events.
IMAGERY

6. What is Imagery?
Take a moment to discuss this with your group.
On your paper, write your own definition for imagery.
(Share out)
Now write down MY definition:
The use of figurative language to represent objects, actions and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses.

7. Imagery Examples It was dark and dim in the forest.
The words “dark” and “dim” are visual images.
Take a moment and record 3 examples of words that inspire visual images.
The children were screaming and shouting in the fields.
“Screaming” and “shouting” appeal to our sense of hearing or auditory sense.
Take a moment and record 3 examples of words that inspire auditory images.
He whiffed the aroma of brewed coffee.
“whiff” and “aroma” evoke our sense of smell or olfactory sense.
Take a moment and record 3 examples of words that inspire olfactory images.

8. Imagery Examples The girl ran her hands across the soft satin fabric.
The idea of “soft” in this example appeals to our sense of touch or tactile sense.
Take a moment and record 3 examples of words that inspire tactile images.
The fresh, juicy orange was very cold and sweet.
“ juicy” and “sweet” when associated with oranges have an effect on our sense of taste or gustatory sense.
Take a moment and record 3 examples of words that inspire gustatory images.

9. A Mystery of Heroism
The dark uniforms of the men were so coated with dust from the incessant wrestling of the two armies that the regiment almost seemed a part of the clay bank which shielded them from the shells. On the top of the hill a battery was arguing in tremendous roars with some other guns, and to the eye of the infantry, the artillerymen, the guns, the caissons, the horses, were distinctly outlined upon the blue sky.

10. A Mystery of Heroism
When a piece was fired, a red streak as round as a log flashed low in the heavens, like a monstrous bolt of lightning. The men of the battery wore white duck trousers, which somehow emphasized their legs: and when they ran and crowded in little groups at the bidding of the shouting officers, it was more impressive than usual to the infantry.
Fred Collins, of A Company, was saying: "Thunder, I wisht I had a drink. Ain't there any water round here?" Then, somebody yelled: "There goes th' bugler!"

11. A Mystery of Heroism
As the eyes of half the regiment swept in one machine-like movement, there was an instant's picture of a horse in a great convulsive leap of a death-wound and a rider leaning back with a crooked arm and spread fingers before his face. On the ground was the crimson terror of an exploding shell, with fibers of flame that seemed like lances. A glittering bugle swung clear of the rider's back as fell headlong the horse and the man. In the air was an odor as from a conflagration.

12. Start-Up - Read
Take a few minutes to read back through the first three paragraphs of the story on your worksheet. Pay attention to those words and phrases you marked as effecting the your senses.
(Discuss)

13. Start-Up - Discussion
With your HORIZONTAL partner, discuss the following: How does the use of words that affect the senses make the setting seem more realistic? What other things did you notice in the beginning of the story that would qualify it as “Realistic Literature”? (Look back at the Characteristics of Realism on your worksheet)

14. Start-Up - Writing
Now answer the same two questions in writing: How does the use of words that affect the senses make the setting seem more realistic? What other things did you notice in the beginning of the story that would qualify it as “Realistic Literature”? (Look back at the Characteristics of Realism on your worksheet)

15. Stephen Crane
( )
Started writing while attending college at Syracuse University. He wrote articles for his brother’s news service and also started work on his first novel.
His first novel did not do well, even though it had support from several great writers of the time.
His second novel, The Red Badge of Courage, is considered a classic of American Realism.
He tried to sail to Cuba to report on the insurrection there, but the ship he was on sank.
Later, still wanting to “study” war, he went to Greece to report on the Greco-Turkish War.
He died of Tuberculosis at age 28.

16. A Mystery of Heroism Now we will begin a reading of the story.
You will be reading along as we listen to the story on audio CD.
As you read along, continue to highlight or underline words and phrases that effect the senses. As you do this in the book, you DO NOT need to note which sense like we did on the worksheet; simply highlight or underline sensory words and phrases.
We will pause throughout the reading to discuss the story, note particular phrases, and answer in-text questions.

17. Exit Ticket
Of the imagery presented in the section of the story we read today, choose one particular image that stood out to you. Tell me what that image was. What specific sensory details made it stand out to you?

18. Start-Up - Writing
Write about the following: Based only on what we have read so far, predict what you think the soldier, Fred Collins, will do next in the story. Justify your prediction with evidence from the first section we read.

19. A Mystery of Heroism Now we will begin a reading of the story.
You will be reading along as we listen to the story on audio CD.
As you read along, continue to highlight or underline words and phrases that effect the senses. As you do this in the book, you DO NOT need to note which sense like we did on the worksheet; simply highlight or underline sensory words and phrases.
We will pause throughout the reading to discuss the story, note particular phrases, and answer in-text questions.

20. Exit Ticket
Look back your Start-Up from today. Was your prediction accurate? Did you predict something that might still happen in tomorrow’s reading? Go even further now and predict how you think the story will end.