1. Class 4 Hybrid Bus Long Term Performance Test
Lawrence P. Zepp
Crosspoint Kinetics
Chief Technologist
Andrew Papson
CALSTART
Project Manager

2. Key Hybrid Facts you will learn:
• Kinetics Hybrid improved MPG from Ranging from 12%- 28%
• NOx reduced 18% to 12%
> 14,000 lb. CO2 reduction/yr
• Extends brake life 2-6X
• Proper drive cycle
• Driver Training importance

3. Kinetics Hybrid Configuration
Installs in bus driveline
New or retrofit installation
No Batteries – Uses Ultracapacitors
Reliable
Saves fuel
& emissions

4. Kinetics Hybrid Background -
Over 10 million fleet miles
Dyno durability tested and validated
FTA Altoona tested and approved for
gasoline, diesel and CNG
Seamless and easy to drive

5. Transit Partner – Tracer Transit
in Tracy, CA
• Small City with good fixed route
• Frequent stops
• No highway driving on route
• Drivers receptive to hybrid training

6. Tracer Fixed Route Map
Route A
= Blue
10 mi.
Route B
= Green
9.4 mi.

7. Testing Approach
Two shuttles operated in revenue service for 6 months in hybrid ON and OFF modes; VMT and MPG tracked.
Emissions measured through two-day PEMS test -simulated on same route.
In total, 17,467 miles traveled and 2,566 gallons consumed. Over 6 months, 375 gal of fuel saved and 7,300 lbs. of CO2 reduced.
Surveys distributed to drivers and managers on performance and operation.
This work funded by FTA as part of a multi-site shuttle bus demonstration program.

8. Fuel Economy Results
Fuel Economy measured in revenue service along two routes (urban & suburban)
Reductions found in both routes, combined 21.4%. (6.56 MPG vs MPG)

9. Emissions Results NOx reduced by up to 18%
CO increases caused by 2 or 3 spikes during operation.
Significant policy implications for ozone – hybrids can reduce NOx!

10. Survey Results Surveys measured hybrid against non-hybrid.
Distributed to drivers, technicians at end of demo.
Hybrid preferred across all metrics; including areas where hybrids typically underperform (acceleration, launch from stop).
1: Much Worse : Somewhat Worse : Same : Somewhat Better : Much Better

11. Fuel and Emissions Summary
The hybrid system was effective in boosting efficiency, increasing vehicle fuel economy by 21.4%.
The hybrid system reduced NOx emissions by 18%.
CO emissions increased by 50% due to 3 isolated emissions spikes. Further work with engine controller integration may reduce this.
Drivers and technicians rated the hybrid system as an improvement in all performance and operation categories.

12. Hybrid Performance Test – Wrap Up
Kinetics Hybrid improved MPG from 28% to 13%
Reduces CO2 and NOx
FTA Tested and Approved
Fits most front engine buses
Full report at:
Questions?

13. Contacts Lawrence Zepp Chief Technologist Crosspoint Kinetics
Andrew Papson
Project Manager
CALSTART