2. Body Planes, Directional Terms, Cavities, and Quadrants
Foundation Standard 1: Academic Foundation
Understand human anatomy, physiology, common diseases and
disorders, and medical math principles.
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems
Bone anatomy
Axial and appendicular skeletal bones
Functions of bones
Ligaments
Types of joints
1.21 Describe common diseases and disorders of each body system
Etiology
Pathology
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention

3. Body Planes Imaginary lines that divide the body.
Useful for reference and visual dissection of a body part or an organ
1.12 Identify body planes, directional terms, cavities, and quadrants.
a. Body planes (sagittal, mid-sagittal, coronal/frontal, transverse/horizontal)

4. Body Planes Transverse Plane (Horizontal Plane)
Divides a body or structure into superior and inferior sections

5. Body Planes
Frontal Plane (Coronal Plane) Divides a body or structure into anterior and posterior sections

6. Body Planes Mid-Sagittal Plane
Divides a body or structure into equal right and left halves

7. Directional Terms
Directional terms are used to describe the location of structures in relation to other structures.
Each directional term often has an opposite terms.
1.12 Identify body planes, directional terms, cavities, and quadrants.
b. Directional terms (superior, inferior, anterior/ventral, posterior/dorsal, medial, lateral, proximal, distal, superficial, and deep)

8. Directional Terms: Opposites
Superior (Cranial) Inferior (Caudal) Anterior (Ventral) Posterior (Dorsal) Medial (Center) Lateral (Side) Proximal (Near) Distal (Far) Superficial (near skin) Deep (away from skin)
1.12 Identify body planes, directional terms, cavities, and quadrants.
b. Directional terms (superior, inferior, anterior/ventral, posterior/dorsal, medial, lateral, proximal, distal, superficial, and deep)

9. Body Cavities Spaces within the body that contain the internal organs
Dorsal Cavity
Cranial Cavity
houses the brain
Spinal Cavity
bony cavity formed by the vertebra of the spine
houses and protects the spinal cord
1.12 Identify body planes, directional terms, cavities, and quadrants. c. Cavities (dorsal, cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic)

10. Formed by ribs and diaphragm
Body Cavities
Ventral Cavity
Thoracic Cavity
Pleural cavities (2)
Mediastinum
Pericardial cavity
Formed by ribs and diaphragm
1.12 Identify body planes, directional terms, cavities, and quadrants.
c. Cavities (dorsal, cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic)

11. Body Cavities Ventral Cavity Abdominopelvic Cavity Abdominal Cavity
1.12 Identify body planes, directional terms, cavities, and quadrants.
c. Cavities (dorsal, cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic)

12. Abdominal Cavity Contains the: Liver Stomach Gallbladder Pancreas
Spleen
Kidneys
Adrenal glands
Small intestines
Large intestines
1.12 Identify body planes, directional terms, cavities, and quadrants.
c. Cavities (dorsal, cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic)

13. Pelvic Cavity Contains the: Reproductive organs Urinary bladder
Pelvic colon
Rectum
1.12 Identify body planes, directional terms, cavities, and quadrants.
c. Cavities (dorsal, cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic)

14. Anatomical Quadrants
RUQ = Right Upper Quadrant LUQ = Left Upper Quadrant RLQ = Right Lower Quadrant LLQ = Left Lower Quadrant Helps in describing abdominal pain, localizing organs, tumors and other abnormalities
1.12 Identify body planes, directional terms, cavities, and quadrants.
ad. Quadrants (upper right, lower right, upper left, and lower left)