1. Matter – Properties and Changes
Properties of Matter
Changes of Matter
Mixtures of Matter
Elements and Compounds

2. PROPERTIES OF MATTER (3.1) A. Types of Properties
1. Physical Properties - properties that can be observed and measured without changing the composition
a. examples – color, texture, hardness
b. types of physical properties
1) intensive - do not depend upon
amount of the substance (density,
mp, bp)
2) extensive - depend upon amount of
the substance (mass, volume, length)

3. I. PROPERTIES OF MATTER(3.1) A. Types of Properties
2. Chemical Properties - properties relating to the ability of substances to combine with or change into other substance (has a uniform and unchanging composition)
a. examples
1) reaction with water
2) ability to combine with oxygen
3) reaction with acids

4. I.PROPERTIES OF) B. States of Matter
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State Shape Volume Compressibility Diagram
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solid
liquid
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gas
vapor – gaseous form of a solid or gas at room temp.

5. CHANGES IN MATTER (3.2) A. Types of Changes
1. physical - changes in which a substance is altered without changing composition
a. examples- phase changes, cut into pieces
2. chemical - changes in which one or more substances change into new substances with
new properties
a. reactants – substances that react
b. products - substances that are produced

6. CHANGES IN MATTER (3.2) A. Types of Changes
a. Examples of phase changes
1) Solid  Liquid melting
2) Liquid  Gas vaporization
(evaporation or boiling)
3) Solid  gas sublimation

7. CHANGES IN MATTER (3.2) A. Types of Changes (Physical)
a. Examples of phase changes
4)Gas  Liquid Condensation
5)Liquid  Solid Solidification
(freezing)
6)Gas  Solid Deposition

8. 2. Chemical changes c. Examples of chemical changes
1) digestion of food
2) burning (combustion)
3) fermentation
4) rusting
5) tarnishing of silver

9. CHANGES IN MATTER (3.2) B. Evidence of Chemical Changes
1. change in color and/or appearance
2. change in energy
3. change in odor
4. formation of a precipitate or a gas

10. III. MIXTURES (3.3)
A. Definition of Mixture - combination of pure substances that retain their properties
B. Types of Mixtures
1. heterogeneous - individual substances are distinct (composition is not uniform throughout)
a. examples – sand, vegetable soup
2. homogeneous - individual substances are not distinct (uniform composition throughout)
a. examples - solutions

11. III. MIXTURES (3.3) B. Types – 2. homogeneous
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type of solution examples
solid – liquid sugar water, salt water
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gas – liquid carbonated beverages
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liquid – liquid alcohol, vinegar
gas – gas air
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solid - solid alloys (metal + metal)

12. III. MIXTURES (3.3) C. Separating Mixtures
1. Filtration – separate solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture
2. Distillation – separate homogeneous mixtures – based on differences in boiling points
3. Crystallization – separates a homogeneous mixture by causing crystals to form
4. Chromatography – separation of components of a solution (mobile phase) based on tendency to move on the stationary phase

13. Decantation

14. Separation by Filtration

15. Separation by Distillation

16. Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil

17. Distillation of Oil

18. Separation of Untreated Water Using Filtration

19. Separation of Black Ink Using Paper Chromatography

20. Separation of Pigments in Chlorophyll Using Paper Chromotography

21. Separation by Crystallization

22. IV. ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS(3.4) A. Elements
1. definition - elements are pure substances that can not be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means
2. examples and their symbols (C, N, Na, Co)
3. periodic table of elements
a. periods – horizontal rows
b. groups (families) – vertical columns
1) similar structure and properties

23. ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS (3.4)
1. definition - a compound is a pure substance that is the combination of two or more different elements
2. examples of compounds
a. sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3
b. hydrochloric acid HCl
c. sulfur dioxide SO2

24. The organization of Matter