1. "No one can make you feel inferior without your consent."
11/14/2018
Title: Anat & Phys 3/9/07
Objectives: .
Class Topics
Review
Upper digestive tract – Oatmeal Cream Pies
Comparative anatomy - Stomach
Notes
Small Intestine
"No one can make you feel inferior without your consent."
Eleanor Roosevelt
Wednesday, November 14, :17 AM

2. 11/14/2018
Class Assignments
What
By When
Comparative anatomy essay – cellulose digestion 3/13/07
Due this class period
Due next class period
Due in the future

3. Upper digestive tract review
11/14/2018
Upper digestive tract review
While eating do the following
1st bite
Review the different types of teeth and think about their function as you chew
2nd bite
Review the tongue and its many functions including moving food from side to side and taste
3rd bite
Review the procedure for swallowing
4th bite
Time 9 seconds after you complete swallowing to review esophagael function
Review what is occurring in the stomach to digest the “Oatmeal Cream Pie”

4. Comparative Anatomy “Cellulose Digestion”
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Comparative Anatomy “Cellulose Digestion”
Ruminants
Equine
Lagomorphs, rodents

5. Gastric Bypass Surgery
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Gastric Bypass Surgery
NIDDK web site
Image taken from

6. Small Intestine Microvilli increase surface area 60,000%
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Small Intestine
Microvilli increase surface area 60,000%
6-8 m (around ft) in length
diameter cm
90% of nutrient absorption
3 regions
duodenum, jejunum, ileum

7. Small Intestine Duodenum
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Small Intestine Duodenum
25 cm long
mixing bowl
chyme - stomach
buffers - pancreas
mucus - mucosa
enzymes - pancreas
bile - gall bladder

8. Small Intestine Jejunum
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Small Intestine Jejunum
2.5 m long
majority of nutrient absorption
many microvilli
increase surface area
Used to be surgically removed
drastic weight loss

9. From: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_20/27_27.GIF
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From:

10. 11/14/2018
From:
From:
l_rpt98/html/english/case/d1_photo_a.htm

11. From: http://www.pathology.vcu.edu/education/gi/lab2.a.html
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From:

12. Ends at ileocecal valve
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Small Intestine Ileum
3.5 m long
much lymph tissue
kill bacteria residing in large intestine
Ends at ileocecal valve

13. Pancreas Primarily exocrine
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Pancreas
Primarily exocrine
drains into duodenum through duct of Wirsung (pancreatic duct) which joins with common bile duct
also enters via pancreatic accessory duct (duct of Santorini)
releases pancreatic juices
water, ions (bases)*, digestive enzymes*
*Inactive until reaching duodenum

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15. Pancreatic Enzymes Carbohydrase Lipase Nuclease Protease & Peptidase
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Pancreatic Enzymes
Carbohydrase
breaks down carbohydrates
Lipase
breaks down fats, oils, & waxes
Nuclease
Breaks down DNA & RNA
Protease & Peptidase
Breaks down proteins

16. Liver Largest visceral organ divided into two lobes
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Liver
Largest visceral organ
divided into two lobes
each lobe contains 100,000 hepatocytes
Hepatocyte functions
clean blood
store iron and other heavy metals
forms bile - sent to gallbladder
drug inactivation

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18. Digestive function of Hepatocytes
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Digestive function of Hepatocytes
Carbohydrate metabolism
Lipid metabolism
amino acid metabolism
vitamin storage
fat soluble vitamins
A,E,D,K, B12
Acquire nutrients directly from small intestine via hepatic portal vein

19. Gallbladder Releases bile through common bile duct Bile function
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Gallbladder
Releases bile through common bile duct
guarded at the duodenum by sphincter of Oddi
Bile function
Break open lipids to lipase can digest
Bile salts are recycled by ileum
Gallstone - bile salt precipitates - block common bile duct

20. Hormones Gastrin Secretin Released by stomach
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Hormones
Gastrin
Released by stomach
causes release of gastric juices and increases motility
released at sight, smell, or ingestion of food
Secretin
stimulates the release of buffers and water released into duodenum

21. Hormones Cholecystokinen (CCK) secreted when chyme hits duodenum
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Hormones
Cholecystokinen (CCK)
secreted when chyme hits duodenum
Releases sphincter of Oddi
Stimulates the production of pancreatic juices
inhibits gastric activity

22. Nutrient absorption Carbohydrates (monosaccharides)
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Nutrient absorption
Carbohydrates (monosaccharides)
through microvilli to blood stream
facilitated diffusion
Proteins (amino acids)
Lipids (triglycerides)
through microvilli to lymph
diffusion - nonpolar substances

23. From: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_20/digproc.gif
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From:

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