1. Low-flows and livelihoods (R8171)
11/14/2018

2. Water A precious natural resource Renewable
But very complex to manage due to its
Spatial variability
Temporal variability
Complex dynamic nature
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RAPID Workshop

3. Spatial & Temporal Variability
The major input of precipitation is variable over the area
In terms of its intensity (rate of application)
In terms of duration (the time it lasts)
The other inputs of weather such as temperature, solar radiation, wind velocity, etc., also vary in space and time and decide the state of the system
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RAPID Workshop

4. Implications of local fluctuations
For rainfed agriculture
If the monsoon does not reach in time the crop can not be sown
If the interval between next rainfalls is more than what the crop can sustain, the crop shall fail
For domestic water supply
Wells may go dry
Surface water bodies may not fill up
Flows may reduce in the drainage systems
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RAPID Workshop

5. Possible options
Supplement additional requirements by having additional water
As surface water from local or far-off areas
As ground water from deeper depths
This is where the problems start
Remedy is found out in management through integrated watershed philosophy
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RAPID Workshop

6. Some of the Implications of uncontrolled interference
Lowering of water table
Water logging
Damage to soil health
Water quality problems
Health hazards
Damage to local ecology
And the list can be unending
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RAPID Workshop

7. Watershed Philosophy
To alleviate some of the above problems the concept of integrated watershed management was introduced
Watershed is a natural divide which can be used to check the sum total of the natural inputs and outputs and thus the sustainability of the manmade interference
‘Integrated’ implies incorporation of all possible usage and interest of all stake holders
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RAPID Workshop

8. Watershed Every area belongs to a watershed
Nomenclature changes with size
Micro-watershed, watershed, sub-catchment, catchment, sub-basin, basin
Urban areas also follow the same rules
Manmade interference is more
Delhi belongs to a bigger watershed
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RAPID Workshop

9. National Water Policy
The National Water Policy of India although recommends the integrated watershed management as well as integrated river basin planning and management
However, the implementation is either faulty or totally missing
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RAPID Workshop

10. Watershed Management Programme
Does not follow sound scientific basis to identify the requirements of the local areas
Does not take into consideration the inter-linkages between the watersheds
Does not have any evaluation process to assess the level of fulfillment of set objectives
Does not have any mechanism of generating alternative scenarios
No mechanism of integration
No way of sustainability assessment
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RAPID Workshop

11. Unified Framework: the only answer
All the above can be overcome through a unified framework
Shall map the areas starting from micro-watersheds to river basin level
Modelling shall provide the assessment of water quantity in space and time
Local participation and consensus through scenario generation and sustainability assessment
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RAPID Workshop

12. Unified Framework the only answer….
The unified framework shall
Provide opportunity for integration of information pertaining to line departments
Act as a tool for legislation for actions taken by stake holders at various levels
Sustainability assessment at local and higher levels
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13. Corroboration
World Bank: has recommended the similar approach in their water policy on India
KAWAD and APRLP: also recommends that an integrated approach needs to be implemented
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14. Components of Framework
Model Base
Modelling is a good simulation and planning tool
Provides opportunity for scenario generation
GIS framework
Acts as a pre processor for the modelling
Integrator of information (water, livelihoods,…)
Is a powerful tool for visualization
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RAPID Workshop

15. R-8171 Projects Research Funded under the FRP (DFID)
Lead Collaborators: CLUWRR, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne and IIT Delhi
Other Partners: WII, RRL-Bhopal, NIT-Hamirpur, Sandesh (NGO)
Support organisations: CSTE, Shimla; NRDMS, DST
Low Base Flows and Livelihoods in India
Providing scientific backup to the local level planning
GIS based dissemination tools
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RAPID Workshop

16. Objectives Provide scientific backup to the local level planning
Create framework on the pilot level
Generate water resource information
Integrate socio-economic information
Develop GIS based dissemination tools
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RAPID Workshop

17. DEVELOPMENT OF A MECHANISM FOR POLICY ACTION
Biophysical study improved biophysical understanding of forests/low flow linkages
Policy & Institutional perceptions study. Tracing of water policies & investigation of institutional practices
Dissemination tool. Demonstration of policy based scenarios & evaluation
DEVELOPMENT OF A MECHANISM FOR POLICY ACTION
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RAPID Workshop

18. Pilot watershed - Himachal Pradesh
Watershed of Interest – Hamirpur with sub watershed with Drainage
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19. Watershed of Interest – Madhya Pradesh
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20. Dudhi ( 60 ha - treated) – Bewas (75 ha - untreated) Watersheds
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21. What will be the benefits?
Duplication of effort avoided
Increased public awareness and participation
Check on misuse of national resources
Scenario Generation through Scientific Approach
Improved local & national level management of this precious resource
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22. Thank You Wednesday, November 14, 2018Wednesday, November 14, 2018
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