1. The chemical Basis of Inheritance

2. Chromatin / Chromosomes

3. Chromosome = Protein + DNA

4. Indirect Evidence of DNA as genetic material

5. Bacteria transforming factor- Griffiths 1928

6. Hershey and Chase Expt. 1952 Viral Life Cycle I

7. Viral Life cycle II attachment, penetration, replication, assembly, lysis

8. Hershey and Chase – Protein coat labeled virus

9. Hershey and Chase – DNA labeled virus

10. 32P - Radioactivity appear in progeny

11. 35S – No Radioactivity in progeny

12. Hershey and Chase

13. Watson and Click Model 1953

14. DNA – A Double Helix

15. DNA – Sugar phosphate backbone

16. DNA – Polynucleotide chain

17. DNA – A Nucleotide unit

18. DNA – Sugar / pentose

19. Pyrimidine
DNA – Organic Bases
Purines

20. DNA – Base pairing

21. DNA – Base pairing

22. DNA – 2 antiparallel chains

23. DNA vs RNA

24. DNA vs RNA

25. DNA - The molecule of life
Each cell:
46 chromosomes
2 meters of DNA
3 billion DNA bases
Approximately 25,000 genes

26. From DNA to Human

27. DNA replication – overall process

28. DNA replication

29. Three models of DNA replication

30. Evidence for a Semi-conservative model

31. Semi-conservative replication

32. DNA replication

33. The triplet code I

34. The triplet code II- start

35. The triplet code III- termination

36. The triplet code IV- degenerate

37. The triplet code IV- Non-overlapping

38. The triplet code V – no punctuation

39. Breaking the code

40. Breaking the code

41. Central Dogma

42. Transcription

43. Transcription- animated

44. Transcription- coding strand

45. Replication - transcription -translation

46. t-RNA

47. t-RNA binding sites

48. Aminoacyl-tRNA complex

49. Ribosome – Pro- and Eukaryotic

50. Ribosome- P and A sites

51. Ribosome- P and A sites

52. Translation

53. Translation- animated

54. Gene regulation _Operon 1

55. Gene regulation _Operon 2

56. Gene regulation _Operon 3

57. Mutation

58. Mutation

59. Mutation_altered genetic info

60. Types of mutation

61. Causes of mutation
Spontaneous
Chemical mutagens
Physical agents

62. Results of mutation Variations in pigments Extra compound eyes
Sickled cell anaemia
Both Wings on same side

63. Somatic vs Germinal mutation

64. Early vs Late somatic mutation

65. Karyotype

66. To obtain a karyotype

67. Down syndrome_aneuploidy

68. Down syndrome

69. Eye-folds

70. Frequency of Down’s syndrome against mother’s age

71. Kleinfelter syndrome

72. Kleinfelter syndrome

73. Chromosome Mutation-non disjunction I

74. Chromosome Mutation-non disjunction II

75. XYY

76. XY vs XYY

77. XO

78. XO _Turner syndrome

79. Euploidy_Autopolyploidy

80. Autopolyploidy_seedless fruit

81. How to make seedless fruits?
The resulting 3n zygote develops into a 3n embryo inside a seed. Planting this seed will yield a 3n watermelon plant bearing 3n seedless watermelons.

82. Hybrid_sterililty

83. Unpaired chromosomes—results in abnormal gamtes

84. Doubling of chromosomes allowing pairing of chromosomes and production of normal gametes

85. Allopolyploidy_principle

86. Allopolyploidy in cabbage

87. Allopolyploidy in cabbage

88. Allopolyploidy_Wheat

89. Gene-mutation_Sickled cell anaemia
The amino acid sequences for the normal and abnormal P chains differ in the substitution of valine for glutamic acid at one point in the abnormal polypeptide chains of haemoglobin S

90. Significance of mutation