1. Bundle 2: Periodic Table and Bonding
IONIC BONDING
Bundle 2: Periodic Table and Bonding

2. Ionic bonding
An Ionic Bond is between a metal and non-metal that involves a transfer of electrons.
This is the STRONGEST bond between elements.
These are also called salts.

3. What is an ionic bond?
An Ionic Bond (strongest) is the bond between a metal and non-metal that involves a TRANSFER of electrons
When an atom loses a valence electron to another atom, it becomes a (+) ion. This is a CATION.
When an atom takes a valence electron from another atom, it becomes a (-) ion. This is an ANION.

4. Formation of an Ionic Bond
FULL OCTET

5. EXAMPLE Na Cl
1 valence e-
7 valence e-

6. Na Cl EXAMPLE Cation – [Na] +1 Anion – [Cl] -1 8 valence e-

7. Ex 1: Cl- Chlorine has a -1 charge.
Cl- has _____ protons and _____ electrons.
Ex 2: Ca+2 Calcium has a +2 charge.
Ca2+ has _____ protons and _____ electrons.
Ex 3: An element has an atomic number of 19 and a charge of +1. What is my element and how many protons and electrons does it have?
Element: ______________________ p+: ____ e- : ____ 17 18 20 18
Potassium or K 19 18
What atom do ALL of these look like in their electron cloud?
In other words, who has 18 electrons?
Ar Argon

8. B. Formulas for Binary Ionic Compounds
To write a formula for a binary ionic compound
Write the ions that are named in the compound showing their charges.
In the formula, list the positive (cation) symbol first and then the negative (anion) symbol
Make sure the formula has the lowest whole number ratio.
Note: you never write subscript of 1; 1’s are always understood.
One easy way to figure out the formula of an ionic compound is to switch the oxidation number of each ion and use them as the subscripts (without the charge).

9. Lewis Dot Structure 2+ 1- DROP AND SWITCH THE CHARGES
Shows the # of valence elecrons the atom has 2+ 1-
What is the oxidation number on Ca? +2
What is the oxidation number on F? -1
How many atoms of Ca and F are needed?
DROP AND SWITCH THE CHARGES

10. [ [ [ [ [ [ Ca 2+ F-1 Ca2 F1 CaF2 Drop Switch Lewis Dot Structure -1+2 -1
CaF2 [ [ [ [ [ [
Don’t write 1!!!

11. Lewis Dot Structure Na and N[ [ -3 +1 [ [ 1+ 3-
Drop
Na N3
Switch +1 [ +1 -3 [ [
Na3N [ [ [
Don’t write 1!!! [ [ +1

12. Examples Ca+2 Cl-1 CaCl2 Al+3 F-1 AlF3
Ex 1: Calcium and Chlorine Ex 2: Aluminum and Fluorine
________________________________________________ ________________________________________________
Ca+2
Cl-1
CaCl2
Al+3
F-1
AlF3

13. The formula must be in the lowest whole number ratio.
Ex 3: Write the formula for magnesium and sulfur. ________________________
Ex 4: Write the formula for aluminum and oxygen. ________________________
Mg+2
S-2
Mg2S2
MgS
Al+3
O-2
Al2O3

14. Naming Ionic compounds (Nomenclature)
Write the name of the metal (cation) first
Write the root name of the nonmetal
Add “ide” to the root name of the nonmetal
EXAMPLE
[Na]+ Sodium [Cl]- Chlorine
NaCl Sodium Chloride
Cation
Anion
Ionic Compound Name

15. Ex 1: Name: MgS _________________________________________ magnesium
sulf
ide

16. Practice
1. Name the following compounds a. ZnBr __________________________________ b. K3N __________________________________ c. CaO __________________________________ d. AlF3 __________________________________
brom
zinc
ide
potassium
nitr
ide
calcium ox
ide
aluminum
fluor
ide

17. [ [ Learning Check Metal Non-Metal Yes KF Potassium Fluoride +1
What is the Lewis Dot Structure for Potassium?
What is the Oxidation # (or charge) on Potassium?
Is Potassium a metal or non-metal?
Is Fluorine a metal or non-metal?
Can Potassium bond ionically with Fluorine?
What would the name of the compound be if Potassium bonded with Fluorine?
What would the Formula be? [ +1
Metal
Non-Metal
Yes
Potassium Fluoride KF

18. Practice: 1-20