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Central Nervous System Anatomy

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Presentation on theme: "Central Nervous System Anatomy"— Presentation transcript:

1 Central Nervous System Anatomy
Lesson 6

2 Functional Anatomy: CNS
Major Divisions Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain Know structure name, location & general function Major fiber systems CNS vs PNS terminology nucleus vs. ganglion tracts vs. nerves ~

3 Telencephalon - Cortex
Gray Matter Somas and Dendrites (neuron cell bodies) Organized in layers some input, some output Neocortex 6 layers ~

4 Telencephalon - Fiber Systems
White Matter - myelinated axons 3 types of fiber systems Commissural Association Projection ~

5 Commissural Fibers Interconnect homologous structures in the two hemispheres Corpus Callosum Anterior and Posterior Hippocampal ~

6 Anterior Anterior

7 Forebrain Fibers Systems
Association Fibers interconnect cortical areas within each hemisphere Projection Fibers all other *CNS fiber systems Fornix Corticospinal tract Mammillothalamic tract Naming convention ~

8 Hemispheres Left Right Association Commissural Projection

9 Subcortical: Limbic System
Emotion; Learning & Memory Structures Cingulate gyrus Hippocampus Amygdala Thalamus Hypothalamus Mammilary bodies Olfactory bulbs Fornix ~

10 Limbic System Cingulate gyrus Hippocampus Fornix Thalamus Hypothalamus
Amygdala

11 Subcortical: Basal Ganglia
Extrapyramidal Motor System Caudate Putamen Globus Pallidus Striatum Lenticular Nucleus Claustrum ~

12 Caudate Globus pallidus Putamen

13

14 Forebrain Subcortical Areas
Diencephalon Surrounds 3rd ventricle Thalamus sensory and motor relay nuclei Hypothalamus motivation & emotion ~

15 Thalamus Lateral Geniculate Nuclei LGN vision Medial Geniculate Nuclei
MGN audition Ventroposterior Nuclei - VPL & VPM Somatosensation ~

16 Hypothalamus 4Fs Feeding Fighting fleeing, and ... mating
Controls the pituitary gland ~

17 Thalamus Hypothalamus Pituitary Stalk

18 Mesencephalon Surrounds cerebral aqueduct Tectum
Superior Colliculi - vision Inferior Colliculi - audition Tegmentum ~

19 Thalamus Superior Colliculi Inferior Colliculi Tectum Tegmentum

20 Tegmentum Periaqueductal Gray analgesia Reticular Formation –
sleep and arousal attention Red Nucleus and Substantia Nigra motor system Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) reinforcement ~

21 Cross-section of Tegmentum
Reticular formation Dorsal PAG Red Nucleus Substantia Nigra Ventral Tegmental Area

22 Metencephalon Surrounds fourth ventricle Pons Sleep and arousal
Reticular formation Cerebellum coordinates movements ~

23 Myelencephalon Medulla “Vital Centers” Reticular formation Pyramids ~

24 Thalamus Medulla

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