1. Chapter 6 The United States Breaks Away!
Conflict in the 13 colonies

2. The American War of Independence
Problem: The 7 Years war cause Britain to be in huge debt!
If you’re in debt, what do you usually do?
Try to save money!
Britain wanted to keep their troops in the 13 colonies but it was expensive, how could they save money?
Solution: Britain made the 13 colonies pay for the troops by raising taxes there.
What do you think was the colonist response? Hint: We know the colonists are a feisty bunch-remember their response to the Oath of Allegiance?
Result: The colonist refused to pay!
The American War of Independence

3. No taxation without representation!
Colonists were not allowed to be representative in the British government so they had no say in the laws that ruled them
They said, “no, you’re not going to tax us if we’re not even allowed to be represented in government”
They came up with the slogan….
No taxation without representation!

4. In 1775, the protests turned into a full on rebellion led by George Washington-does that name sound familiar?
George Washington led the colonists in a war against the British troops
They declared themselves the United States of America and fought until 1783 for their independence from Britain
This is known as the American Revolution
The Result: War!

5. Two groups of people had different views on the situation Loyalists and Patriots
Loyalists were loyal to Britain and wanted to remain in the empire
Patriots were those who supported the rebellion and wanted to become Independent.
People Divided

6. Loyalists were dragged from their homes and had hot tar poured over their bodies
They then had feathers dumped on them and were forced to be dragged around the towns to be an example- YIKES
If you thought this could happen to you, what would you do?
Activity
Tar and Feathering

7. Refugees Loyalists became refugees
They left the 13 colonies and headed north to Quebec and Nova Scotia
Loyalists included many Haudenosaunee, Germans, black people and those with British ancestors.
What impact do you think the refugees had on the people living in Quebec and Nova Scotia?
Refugees

8. The areas that the British supporters (loyalists) fled to were mostly inhabited by Canadiens (French speaking)
The British population increased greatly in these areas and the British began to ask for more British laws and customs
This worried the Francophones who living quite happily under The Quebec Act of 1774
Impacts of refugees

9. Lets meet some Loyalists on pages 175-178

10. What changes did the loyalists cause?
Loyalists greatly increased the number of British people in Quebec
On a piece of paper answer:
What potential problems could arise from this?
What changes did the loyalists cause?

11. Effects Loyalists began to ask for British laws and customs in Quebec
They wanted to live under the laws of England
On that same piece of paper, answer:
What do you think the Canadiens think about loyalists asking for such a thing?
Effects

12. Ummmm…we’re worries about our rights that are laid out in the Quebec act (Remember chapter 5?)
Are these loyalists endangering our rights?
Canadiens be like…

13. What about First Nations?
First Nations land had been protected by the Royal Proclamation-this deal stated that the land considered “Indian Territory” could not be settled on by British or French people without their permission BUT the British found a loop hole
What about First Nations?

14. The Loophole The loyalists were farmers and this required land
Some of the land they settled on like on the island of Nova Scotia, was terrible for farming so loyalists began to move onto Native territory
When the First Nations said, “Umm excuse me!” The British government said, the terms in the Royal Proclamation don’t apply to you because you don’t live in the Indian Territory laid out in the treaty.
The Loophole

15. Loyalists were arriving faster than homes could be built or land could be given.
This created a state of emergency
Loyalists built refugee camps for themselves in Ontario and Nova Scotia
The problem: How do we house and feed so many people arriving at once?
Refugees

16. Migration causes trouble
Your task:
Prepare to present
Choose three challenges faced by loyalists, First Nations and Candiens trying to live in the same place
Brainstorm ways a community could respond to these challenges
For each challenge, choose your best idea
Present your ideas to the class through a skit, a picture or a written solution
Class: You job is to evaluate the ideas and suggestions made by the other groups. State why they would or would not be successful.
Migration causes trouble

17. Loyalists Want Change Activity: Read Page 184-185
Write what loyalists wanted in Nova Scotia and Quebec and why.
Loyalists Want Change

18. How did Britain Respond
Britain divided the land and made several new colonies
Each group of people got their own colony
A few years later, Britain established the Constitutional Act
How did Britain Respond

19. The Constitutional Act
1. Divided Quebec into upper and lower Canada
The Constitutional Act

20. The Constitutional Act
2. Established British civil and criminal law in Upper Canada
The Constitutional Act

21. The Constitutional Act
3. Set aside lands for Protestant churches and guaranteed rights to Canadiens and the Catholic Church
The Constitutional Act

22. The Constitutional Act
4. Established a Representative Government in Upper and Lower Canada
The Constitutional Act

23. Representative government
A system where citizens vote to elect people to represent their interests and concerns. Those elected meet to debate and make laws on behalf of the whole community or society
Representative government

24. Representative government
Important to Canadiens because they had been promised this in the Quebec Act but it had never been followed through with
Important to Loyalists because they had this government for a long time and considered it part of their heritage
Representative government

25. The FAMOUS war of 1812
Canada vs. USA!
(Sort of)

26. The War of 1812
What was it?

27. Wars in Europe are affecting North America once again (Leave us alone already!)
These war were called the Napoleonic wars after the French General, Napoleon
Napoleonic Wars

28. Napoleon had led a revolution in France that changed this country from a monarch to a republic
Other countries with monarchs (Like Britain) got nervous about this happening to them so they went to war with France
Britain shut down trade between the US and France
It blocked US ships from landing in France
Napoleon

29. In response, the US declared war on the nearest piece of British owned land (North America) the part that is now Canada
Americans invaded British North America, led by William Hull, expecting that the colonists would joint hem in their fight against British rule but they were sooooo wrong!
Instead, the British fought back against the USA
Retaliation

30. Canadians Burn Down USA White House
The colonists were led by British General Ross but the people considered this a “Canadian” victory
Ross’ men were outnumbered 2-1 but they were way more experienced than the Yankees and overpowered them easily
They were virtually unopposed and walked down the streets of Washington burning down building including their presidential mansion and Capitol building
Canadians Burn Down USA White House

31. What just happened here?
Why didn’t ‘Canadian’ colonists join the American colonists in the fight against the British??
Hint: Who makes up most of the population in Upper and Lower Canada?
British Loyalists!
The Catholic Church also opposed the rebellion because they opposed the Republican government…why?
The Catholic Church supports the monarch
What just happened here?

32. Tecumseh was the leader of the Shawnee nation and organized support for the British against the Americans when the war began
What side were the FN on?

33. Was the war of 1812 important?
YES!
Some say if the Americans had won, Canada wouldn’t exist today
The war united diverse people (FN, British and French) for the very first time!
The treaty that ended the war established a boundary that we still respect today
Was the war of 1812 important?

34. Some negative aspects of 1812
The war affirmed British identity in Canada but not Canadien or FN
Britain ignored FN when making decisions about Canada’s future and tried to isolate FN to reserves.
Britain began to support and encourage assimilation for Canadiens and FN to British culture
Some negative aspects of 1812