1. Chapter 23: Diseases of Cardiovascular &
Lymphatic Systems
Cardio/ lymphatic systems
Bacterial diseases
Viral diseases
Protozoa diseases
Helminthic diseases

2. Circulatory system Components: Heart Blood vessels
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Microbes and toxins persisting in blood= septicemia
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome= sepsis

3. The lymphatic system Components: Lymph capillaries
Collects plasma/ interstitial fluid/ microbes from tissues
Lymphatics lead to lymph nodes
Macrophage, T and B cells reside here
Swollen lymph nodes are buboes

4. Lymphangitis and septicemia/ sepsis

5. Infective endocarditis

6. Fibrin platelet vegetations
Infective subacute endocarditis
Symptoms
Fever
Heart murmur
Fibrin platelet vegetations
Causes
Alpha-hemolytic
streptococcoci
staphylococci
enterococci
Acute endocarditis usually caused by S. aureus

7. Bacillus anthracis- anthrax

8. Yersinia pestis- plague
Types
Bubonic plague
Septicemic plague
Pneumonic plague

9. Human US Plague distribution

10. World-wide plague distribution

11. Rickettsia rickettsii- Rocky Mountain spotted fever
(Tick-borne typhus)
Symptoms
Typhus infects endothelial cells
of vascular system
Rash similar to measles, but
also on hands and feet
Fever and headache
Kidney and heart failure (3%)

12. Epstein-Barr Virus (herpes virus 4)
EB Viral diseases
Burkitt’s lymphoma
Infectious mononucleosis
Possibly linked to: MS
Hodgkin’s disease
Nasopharyngeal cancer

13. Viral hemorrhagic fevers
Classic Virus Vector Resovoir
Yellow fever
Flavivirus
Aedes aegypti
Monkeys
Dengue & DHF
A. aegypti
A. albopictus
No known reservoir
Emerging
Marburg
Filovirus
Monkeys (?)
Ebola
Lassa fever
Arenavirus
Rodents
Argentine hemorrhagic fever
Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
Hantavirus

14. Leishmaniasis
Etiologic agent: Leishmania (several species) - euglenozoans

15. Leishmaniasis Disease Visceral leishmaniasis Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
Fatal if untreated
Papule that ulcerates and scars
Disfiguring
Causative agent
Leishmania donovani
L. tropica
L. braziliensis
Vector
Sandflies
Reservoir
Small mammals
Treatment
Amphotericin B or miltefosine
Geographic distribution
Asia, Africa, Southeast Asia
Asia, Africa, Mediterranean, Central America, South America
Rain forests of Yucatan, South America

16. Malaria
Etiologic agent: Plasmodium (most common species falciparum) - apicomplexans

17. Schistosomiasis Caused by small flukes of the genus Schistosoma
Feces carrying eggs get into the water supply
Snails serve as the intermediate host
Cercariae released from the snail penetrate the skin of humans
Eggs shed by adult schistosomes in the host lodge in tissues, forming granulomas
Schistosoma haematobium: urinary schistosomiasis; found in Africa and Middle East
Schistosoma japonicum: intestinal inflammation; found in Asia
Schistosoma mansoni: intestinal inflammation; found in South America

18. Wuchereria bancrofti- filariasis or elephantiasis
Characteristics
Round worm transmitted by mosquito
Peripheral BV during night, deep vessels
during day
Blockage of lymph vessels leads to
elephantiasis

19. HIV
Figure 19.15