1. Sponge A caterpillar, a deer, and a rabbit all want to drink form the
Same puddle, eat the same plant, and bask in the same spot
Of sunshine. Are they competing members of a population?
Why or Why not?

2. Sponge Explain how the disappearance on one organism can
Affect the other organisms around them.

3. Sponge 1) Make a list of all the things you can think
of that are found in a pond ecosystem.
2) Which of those things are living and
which are non-living?

4. Sponge
Explain the difference between a food web
and a food chain.

5. Sponge
Describe the difference between a community and a population.

6. Sponge
Give an example of mutualism, commensalism, parasitism.

7. Organization of the Environment Vocabulary

8. Organism-
a living thing that can live on its own.
Population-
a group of individuals of the same
species that live together in the same area at
the same time.
Community-
all of the populations of different species
that live and interact in an area.

9. Ecosystem-
made up of a community
of organisms and its
abiotic environment.
Biosphere-
part of the earth where
Life exists.

10. Herbivore-
A consumer that eats plants.
Carnivore-
A consumer that eats animals.
Omnivore-
Eat a variety of organisms, both plants
and animals.
Animals that feed on the bodies of dead
animals.
Scavengers-

11. Sponge Name three adaptations and explain how
they help the organism survive.

12. Name three animals from the Amazon and their adaptations.
Sponge
Name three animals from
the Amazon and their adaptations.

13. Sponge Name the symbiotic relationship being described:
An organism lays its eggs in another organism to
the detriment to the other organism.
A bee and flower where both organisms benefit.
A cow stirs up bugs and a bird eats the bugs.

14. Vocabulary Symbiosis- A close, long-term association between two
Or more species.
Mutualism-
A symbiotic relationship in which both
Organisms benefit.
A flower gets its pollen passed from one individual to another. In turn the flower provides a food reward in the form of nectar (a sugar rich solution), or pollen as a solid food source. If the food reward is large enough, the pollinator is likely to go looking for flowers of the same plant species after it is done visiting the flowers of the first individual.

15. Higher plants have evolved a mutualistic relationship to disperse their seeds.
The berries or fruits are eaten by birds or mammals. They pass through the
digestive system. However, the seeds contained within the fruit are resistant
to the animal's digestive system. Therefore, they are (there is no polite way to
say this) pooped by the bird or mammal some hours after the animal has moved
away from the mother plant. The birds and mammals derive a food benefit by
eating the berries and fruits. The plant, in turn, disperses it seeds.

16. A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected.
Commensalisms-
The Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) forages in pastures and fields among livestock such as cattle and horses, feeding on the insects stirred up by the movement of the grazing animals. The egrets benefit from the arrangement, but the livestock, generally, do not. However as in most cases of commensalism, there is a "but". Cattle Egrets have been observed perching on the top of cattle picking off ticks, lending a slight tinge of mutualism to the arrangement.
Cattle Egrets are originally from Africa where they were adapted to following the large herds of herbivores as they moved across the savannah. They first appeared in South America in the 19th century and have since spread to the eastern United States and California. The Cattle Egret breeds in colonies near water (as almost all herons do), but feeds almost exclusively with herds of cows and horses.

17. The remora feeds off scraps of food left from
The shark. The shark is unaffected.

19. A symbiotic association in which one organism benefits while the other is harmed.
Parasitism-
Ticks are members of the class Arachnida, which includes spiders, scorpions,
daddy longlegs, and mites. All ticks are carnivorous, feeding on the blood of
various species of birds, reptiles, and mammals, including human beings.
Ticks use their mouthparts to anchor themselves to the skin, where they cut a
small hole and suck the blood. A number of tick species transmit diseases
infecting livestock, pets, and humans.
Oxford Scientific Films/London Scientific Films

20. This light micrograph reveals adult intestinal Schistosoma mansoni, one of the species of blood flukes that cause the disease known as schistosomiasis. The males are thick and blue; the females are thin and clear. A type of flatworm, while in larval form blood flukes enter the bloodstreams of people or animals exposed to contaminated water in tropical and subtropical climates, and then lay their eggs inside the host’s body. The disease’s symptoms, which include diarrhea, inflammation, and hemorrhage, vary in humans depending on the species of fluke and what part of the body it infests. The disease may be fatal if untreated.
Photo Researchers, Inc./Sinclair Stammers

21. Sponge How do plants store their extra energy?
What molecule is this extra energy?

22. Starch in Plants
Food
Starch
No Starch