1. IGOR KOLMAN Hybrid forms of political representation
Social Power, IUC, October/November 2016

2. THE PROBLEM Gap between the political system and the citizen NGOs weak
No lobby, interest and preassure groups
2-way communication non-existent

3. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NGOS AND POLITICAL PARTIES
NGO – single-issue/special interest, “black & white” view of the world, no compromise
PP – wide variety of issues, public interest, more internally flexible, compromise

4. MY DEFINITION HYBRID FORMS OF POLITICAL REPRESENTATION
Individuals or organisations that enter the political arena claiming that they are not part of the existing political system

5. Left, right, populist, ultra-conservative, single-issue, doesn’t really matter
The pure people vs. the corrupt elite between whom there must be no compromise (Cas Mudde)
“They all exclude, the question is only whom”

6. WHAT THEY HAVE IN COMMON
The derogation of the political
DIRECTLY
INDIRECTLY

7. Anti-institutions
Anti-establishment
Anti-state
Anti-politics
Reduced, over-simplified messages
Against certain social groups
Clear “enemy”

8. TABLOID POLITICS

9. TABLOID POLITICS The principle is that there are no principles
No responsibility
Will stop at nothing

10. WHO IS ATTRACTED BY TABLOID POLITICS?
“The losers of globalisation – white, poorly educated, afraid of the loss of national identity” (Antonio Barroso)
“The losers of transition”
BUT NOT ONLY!!!

11. THE INFLUENCE OF MODERN COMMUNICATIONS
Breeding ground for tabloid politics
Twitter politics, Facebook politics
Short answers, lot of emotions

12. “THE ENEMY” Immigrants Foreigners Minorities “The system” as a whole
“The elites”

13. “THE ENEMY”
WOMEN

14. WHY?

15. Even the educated are not educated for civic virtue
Liberal democracies have forgotten that people need to understand the importance of such a system and all it brings

16. Participant culture with parochial levels of knowledge, understanding and even interest

17. Institutions and systems that surround us are complexer than ever
Politics (EU, Russia, USA)
TTIP
Economy
Knowledge

18. People think they are powerless against the system that has super powers
Whenever a slight problem occurs faith is lost and support withdrawn for the whole

19. Loss of trust between people They interact less with each other
Do not take part in “the public”
Break-up of civil society
Do we join others to connect or to close-off?

20. SOLUTION?
“There’s nothing more practical than a good theory” “Political problems should be solved politically”

21. De-bureaucratisation
Re-politisation

22. Regrouping of political parties

23. Civic education

24. THANK YOU!!! kolmanhns@gmail.com