1. Kingdom: Plantae The Primitive Plants Chapter 16
Biology
WAGGY

2. Chapter Objectives 1. Taxonomy of the Primitive Plants
2. Division: Bryophyta
3. Division: Anthocerotophyta
4. Division: Marchantiophyta
5. Division: Pteridophyta
6. The function of Stems
7. The structure of Leaves

3. Chapter Objective
1. Taxonomy of the Primitive Plants

4. Taxonomy What does it take to belong to the Plant Kingdom?
Must be multicellular, eukaryotic, with cell walls made of cellulose, & perform photosynthesis
What do plants need?
Sunlight
Water
Minerals
CO2 (Photosynthesis)
Oxygen (Cellular Respiration)

5. Division:There are 12 but we will only cover 4 in this chapter:
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Plantae
Division:There are 12 but we will only cover 4 in this chapter:
Division: Bryophyta (moss)
Division: Anthocerotophyta (hornworts)
Division: Marchantiophyta (Liverworts)
Division: Pteridophyta (ferns)

6. Chapter Objective
2. Division: Bryophyta

7. Division: Bryophyta The mosses
Very primitive plants, don’t have true leaves stems or roots
Must grow near water or in areas of constant moisture
Life cycle is completely connected to water - Reproduction cannot happen without it

8. Mosses do not have a way to effectively move water and minerals through bodies so must remain very small - they are nonvascular plants
Move water against gravity by using osmosis - limits their growth potential

9. Moss Reproduction Each plant is actually made up of two plants!
A gametophyte: produces gametes (sperm & egg)
A sporophyte: produces spores
The two generations alternate in dominance, reproduction is called Alternation of Generations

10. Non vascular plants like ferns & mosses must have water present in order to reproduce
The water splashes the spores off of one leaf onto another leaf that contains an egg
When the two meet, fertilization occurs & a new sporophyte grows right from the top of the gametophyte

11. Human uses for mosses
WWI: to pack wounds -moss has antibacterial properties
Burns: moss can hold a large amount of cool fluids
Anti-cancer drugs
Environmental indicators - by watching the health of moss we can monitor the health of an environment

12. Chapter Objective
3. Division: Anthocerotophyta

13. Division: Anthocerotophyta
The Hornworts
Nonvascular plants like moss
Must live in damp soil year round
Gametophyte is a flat leaf that lays on ground
Sporophyte is horn shaped - how it gets its name

14. Chapter Objective
3. Division: Marchantiophyta

15. Division: Marchantiophyta
The Liverworts
Nonvascular plant
Must live in moist soil year round
Gametophyte: Flat leaf shaped like a liver lays flat against ground - how it gets its name
Sporophyte: umbrella shaped

16. Chapter Objective
5. Division: Pteridophyta

17. Division: Pteridophyta
The Ferns
More advanced than mosses, hornworts and liverworts but still considered a primitive plant
Has true leaves, stems but not roots
Has a vascular system which allows it to move water and minerals better so they can grow much bigger than the mosses
Still requires water for reproduction