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INDUSTRIALIZATION AND PROGRESSIVISM

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1 INDUSTRIALIZATION AND PROGRESSIVISM
UNIT 2 STANDARD: AH.HI.C11

2 STANDARD: AH.HI.C11 The rise of industrialization led to a rapidly expanding workforce. Labor organizations grew amidst unregulated working conditions and violence toward supporters of organized labor.

3 EXPANDING WORKFORCE Urbanization caused a demand for more workers in cities Immigration rates rose to fill the demand for jobs Migration to urban areas occurred within the United States to find work in industrial areas

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5 ELLIS ISLAND

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7 WORKING CONDITIONS Long hours with low wages (14 hour days, 6 days a week) Work places were poorly lit and very dirty No government aid for injury or disability Many children worked to provide for their families instead of attending school

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11 LABOR UNIONS Were formed as a result of the changing nature of work
Labor union - legally recognized as representatives of workers in many industries in the United States Sought to address issues such as working conditions, wages and terms of employment.

12 AMERICAN RAILWAY UNION
The largest labor union of its time and was one of the first industrial unions All railway workers were required to join the union Fought wage cuts by many railroad companies in the late 1800s

13 GREAT RAILROAD STRIKE Railroad workers had wages cut nearly 7 cents per hour worked Railroad companies tried to replace workers with “strikebreakers” 11 workers were killed during the strike

14 PULLMAN STRIKE Strike between the American Railway Union and the Pullman Company Most workers lived in a community run by the industrial company Workers were laid off and wages were cut but rent prices remained the same Strike imposed a boycott on all Pullman Railway materials

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16 AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR
Founded in Columbus, Ohio branching from the national Knights of Labor Were upset with the leadership of the Knights of Labor Union dues were 6 cents per year established in 1886 Fought mainly for higher wages and a shorter work day

17 INDUSTRIAL WORKERS OF THE WORLD
An international union which promoted the idea of “one big union” Pushed to abolish capitalism and wage labor Wanted to establish a workplace democracy

18 UNITED MINE WORKERS OF AMERICA
Worked to improve working safety for coal miners Wanted to provide coal miners with collective bargaining power

19 HAYMARKET RIOT Began as a peaceful rally supporting strikers wanting an 8 hour work day An unknown person threw a bomb at police officers killing 11 total people and wounding several others Occurred in Chicago in May of 1886

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21 HOMESTEAD STRIKE Occurred in Pittsburgh against Andrew Carnegie steel companies One of the most organized union strikes of its time Considered a failure nearly bankrupting the steel union forcing many workers end their memberships

22 Question for Thought Discuss the working conditions leading to the formation of labor unions. How have labor unions helped improve the working environment in the United States?

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