1. What were the important themes in world history from 1919 to 1939?
Essential Question:
What were the important themes in world history from 1919 to 1939?
Warm Up Question:
31.1, 31.2

2. Title
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Important changes took place in the 20 years between the two world wars ( )

3. What was Europe like after World War I ?

4. Title
Many European nations were destroyed & bankrupted by years of fighting along the Western Front
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Russia was destroyed after WWI & a three-year civil war that led to communism & the formation of the Soviet Union
Italians were angry when they did not receive land along the Adriatic Coast
Important changes took place in the 20 years between the two world wars ( )
The harshness of the Treaty of Versailles created bitterness in Germany who were unable to pay reparations
In Europe, the war led to a sense of bitterness & pessimism among nations

5. What were some new ideas in the post-war era?
The horrors of World War I changed people’s attitudes about progress
After the war, people started questioning traditional beliefs
The horrors of World War I shattered the Enlightenment
belief that progress would continue and reason would prevail. In the postwar period, people began questioning traditional beliefs
What were some new ideas in the post-war era?

6. Austrian-born Sigmund Freud revolutionized psychology; He believed the mind has conscious & subconscious thoughts that affect peoples’ behavior

7. German-born Albert Einstein revolutionized physics; His theories on light, relativity, & energy disproved many of Isaac Newton’s discoveries from the 1600s

8. New abstract art like Pablo Picasso’s cubism (using geometric shapes) & Salvador Dali’s surrealism (dream-like art) reacted against tradition art forms

9. What was America like after World War I ?

10. The USA was the wealthiest nation in the world & a major world power that created (but never joined) the League of Nations
Japan gained wealth by selling supplies to the Allies & increased its position as the strongest nation in Asia
While European nations struggled to rebuild & pay for the war, some world nations benefited from WWI

11. After WWI, the United States entered the Roaring Twenties
Mass production in factories led to new consumer goods & high wages for workers
Automobiles became inexpensive & popular…

12. …Americans enjoyed themselves at movies, sporting events, & jazz clubs
Electric appliances & radios were popular…

13. The USA used its wealth to help European nations repay their debts & rebuild after the war

14. What changed in America in the 1930s?

15. The Roaring Twenties came to an end in 1929 when the stock market crash, bank failures, & high unemployment led to a Great Depression

16. The depression led to a sharp rise in unemployment in Europe
The depression in America triggered a world-wide depression in the 1930s when international trade declined & U.S. investment in Europe ended
The depression led to a sharp rise in unemployment in Europe

17. Why did powerful dictators come to power in Europe in the 1920s & 1930s?

18. Unemployment in Germany reached 30%
In Germany, the situation grew desperate by the 1930s & the Weimar gov’t became more unpopular
The Weimar republic was already unpopular because gov’t leaders signed the Treaty of Versailles
Like Germany, Italians felt betrayed by the treaty, had a suffering economy, & saw its unemployment rise
Unemployment in Germany reached 30%
To pay war reparations & rebuild the country, the gov’t printed money which led to hyper-inflation

19. These dictators played an important role in causing World War II
Due to the economic depression, bitterness, & desperation, powerful dictators will seize power in Germany & Italy
These dictators played an important role in causing World War II

20. I. Authoritarian Government and Totalitarianism
Authoritarian Government is ruled by a single person or party interested in political power.
Totalitarianismseeks to control not only political power, but the economy, culture, and social life.
Often use terror and fear--utilizing propaganda and controlling access to information such as the press and education. (Examples: Italy, Germany, & USSR)

21. II. The Soviet Union
Lenin establishes the Soviet Union (USSR)

22. III. The Rise of Joseph Stalin
1924—Lenin dies– Several leaders struggle for power including Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin.
Becomes a dictator over USSR—imposing a totalitarian state.
He begins a Five Year Plan a. increase industrialization
b. collectivize agriculture

23. IV. New Leaders Emerge
Fascist government emerged in 1922 under Benito Mussolini.
He rose to power using propaganda, brutality, and intimidation—promoting an ultra-nationalist Italy and himself as Il Duce (“the Leader”).

24. V. Fascism in Germany
In 1921, Adolf Hitler took control of the National Socialist German Worker’s Party—better known as the Nazis.
Chancellor of Germany in 1933.
Fuhrerdictator over the Third Reich.

25. VI. Leadership in Japan Emperor Hirohito, 1926.
General, Hideki Tojo, assumed the role of Japan’s premier –leading it through World War II.

26. VII. Aggression in Asia 1931—Japan Invades Manchuria
Japan leaves the League of Nations
By 1938, Japan has control of major cities along Chinese coast

27. VIII. German Expansion
Rebuilding German military and marches troops into the Rhineland (lost in WWI)
Germany annexes Austria and claims parts of the Sudetenland
Great Britain and France pursue policy of appeasement—rather than challenge Hitler’s aggression
In 1939, Hitler invades Poland
Britain and France declare war on Germany—thus beginning World War II