1. Industrialization
and
Nationalism
Chapter 26
Unit 4

2. How would
industrialization
encourage
nationalism?

3. Nationalism Grows
By 1890 Germany & U.S. surpass Great Britain as industrial powers
“Nations” want to outdo one another
Nationalism becomes the most influential idea of 19th century

4. Unity or Division? Language creates national identity/unity
BUT – can still be divided by religion, etc.
Great Britain & United States
Idea of drawing state boundaries to accommodate these differences was revolutionary
In Italy & Germany – united the people
In central & eastern Europe – divided the people

5. Liberalism (19th c) Conservativism (19th c) Came out of French Rev.
Sovereignty of the people, constitutional government, national parliament, & freedom of expression
Idea to bring nationhood to repressed peoples
Led to failed Revolutions of 1848
Conservativism (19th c)
Preferred tradition
Didn’t mind constitutional monarchy
Typically upper class
Preserve social status quo
Did approve of public education & universal military service
Favored national unity

6. 1815: “We have redrawn Europe’s map for eternity.”
Prince Metternich
1815: “We have redrawn Europe’s map for eternity.”

7. Italian
Unification

8. Sardinia-Piedmont: The “Magnet”
Italian unification movement:
PM formed alliance with France & instigated war with Austria (which controlled 2 Italian provinces) other Italian provinces wanted to join since they had a constitutional monarchy

9. Austro-Sardinian War, 1859

10. Austro-Prussian War, 1866 Austria loses control of Venetia
Venetia is annexed to Italy

11. Garibaldi & His “Red Shirts” Unite with Cavour

12. French Troops Leave Rome, 1870
Italy is united!
Showed that nationalism shifted from a radical democratic to a conservative method of building popular support

13. What problems still remain for Italy?
The Kingdom of Italy: 1871
What problems still remain for Italy?

14. German
Unification

15. Prussia/Austria Rivalry

16. Advantages of Prussia Industries in the Rhineland
Army using railroads, telegraphs, steel artillery, etc.

17. Kaiser Wilhelm I

18. Chancellor Otto von Bismarck
“Blood & Iron”

19. The North German Confederation the “nucleus” of a future Germany

20. Franco-Prussian War [1870-1871]
Prussia attacked France
Prussia wanted territory of Lorraine because people spoke German
France said they considered themselves French

21. Treaty of Frankfurt [1871]
Second French Empire collapsed and was replaced by the Third French Empire
Italians took Rome and made it their capital
Russia put warships in the Black Sea [in defiance of the 1856 Treaty of Paris that ended the Crimean War]
France paid a huge indemnity and was occupied by German troops until it was paid
France ceded Alsace-Lorraine to Germany
Iron
Textile industry

22. Coronation of Kaiser Wilhelm I [r. 1871–1888]

23. German Imperial Flag
German for “Empire.”

24. Nationalism after 1871 France became more liberal
Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Russia became more conservative
Governments in general saw advantages of an educated population
Public schools
Public jobs for women
Unification through language (Spain, Russia, U.S.)

25. Differing Nationalities in the Austrian Empire

26. Austrian Imperial Flag

27. The Compromise of 1867: The Dual Monarchy  Austria-Hungary
The Hungarian Flag