1. Development Across the Life Span
Chapter 5
Pages

2. Human Development
The scientific study of the changes that occur in people as they age, from conception to death.
Nature vs. nurture
Examples

3. Genetic Influences
Each cell we have contains 23 chromosomes – rod-shaped structures
These structures are made up of DNA – special molecule that contains the genetic material of the organism

4. DNA
DNA strands consist of particular patterns of amines known as genes – a section of DNA having the same arrangement of chemical elements
Dominant vs. Recessive genes
Examples

5. Those are biological factors, what are some environmental factors that influence our development?
Family
Friends
Media
School
City vs. Rural Video

6. Developmental Psychology
Continuity or discontinuity
Stability or change
Physical development
Cognitive development
Psychosocial development
Read all three on page 143 – Which are continuous? Which are stable?
Aging video

7. Critical periods
A time when a child is developmentally most susceptible to the presence or absence of particular stimuli in the environment and must progress to the next stage of development if development is to continue normally
Genie’s captivity

8. Sensitive periods
A time when a child is susceptible to stimuli and receptive to learning from particular types of experiences
The difference between critical and sensitive periods are that if the child does not develop during sensitive periods, there is more likelihood of “catching up” later on
Practice quiz page 146

9. Prenatal care
Does it matter what your mom does while you are in the womb??

10. Prenatal, infant, and childhood development
Conception – moment at which a sperm and an egg unite to form a single cell
Conception to birth – 9 months
Fertilization – union of the ovum and sperm in the fallopian tube

11. How do cells become babies?!
Germinal period – first two weeks after fertilization, during which the zygote moves down to the uterus and begins to implant in the lining
Embryonic period – 2-8 weeks after fertilization, during which the major organs and structures of the organism develop
Fetal period – 8 weeks after to birth, growth
Pages

12. Prenatal Hazards Teratogen – any factor that can cause birth defects
How many can we name?
Page 148

13. Developing skills
By age 1, the average infant has tripled its birth weight and added another foot to its height. The brain triples its weight in the first 2 years, reaching about 75 percent of its adult weight. By age 5, the brain is at 90 of its adult weight.

14. Piaget’s Stage of Development
Worksheet

15. Piaget’s Stages of Development
Assimilation – understanding new things in terms of schemes one already possesses.
Orange and apple
Accommodation – altering or adjusting old schemes to fit new information and experiences

16. Piaget’s Stages of Development
Sensorimotor stage - infants
Object permanence – knowledge that an object exists even when it is not in sight
Peek-a-boo

17. Piaget’s Stages of Development
Preoperational stage – ages 2-7
Egocentrism – inability to see the world through anyone else’s eyes
Centration – the tendency of a young child to focus only on one feature of an object while ignoring relevant features
Water in a glass video

18. Piaget’s Stages of Development
Concrete operations stage – ages 7-12
More logical about Santa Claus
Cannot think of abstract things like freedom but concrete concepts are understood

19. Piaget’s Stages of Development
Formal operations – ages 12 – adulthood
What if questions

20. Language Development
Kids experience what is known as EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE DELAY – seem to understand far more language than they can produce

21. 5 Stages of Language Development
1. Cooing
2. Babbling
3. One-Word Speech
4. Telegraphic speech
5. Whole Sentences

22. Harlow’s Experiment
Read about on page 158
Answer question
Video

23. Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development
1. infant
2. toddler
3. preschool age
4. elementary school age
5. adolescence
6. early adulthood
7.middle adulthood
8. late adulthood
Practice Quiz page 161

24. Adolescence
Puberty – the physical changes in both primary and secondary sex characteristics that occur as part of sexual development
Adolescence happens from the beginning of puberty to the early 20’s

25. Adolescence Different across cultures
Quinceanera – 15th birthdays in Latin America. Girls start wearing high heels and instead of dancing with their fathers dance with male friends
Bar or Bat Mitzvah – 13th birthday for Jewish kids

26. Adolescence Primary sex characteristics – sex organs
Secondary sex characteristics – body hair, voice changes
Starts around 10 for females and 12 for boys

27. Adolescent Thinking
The frontal lobes are still developing – used for reasoning, organizing, decision making
Teens are also egocentric – think about themselves and think other people think about them, also

28. Personal fable
Adolescents believe they are special or unique, and nobody can understand them.
“It cant happen to me, I’m special”

29. Imaginary audience
Self-consciousness – think that everybody cares what they wear, do, act, etc…

30. Peer Pressure
Erik Erikson believed that teens who have found themselves or resolved conflicts are less likely to engage in unhealthy or illegal activities
Feel less need to fit in, join gangs, or rebel
Video

31. Generativity Focus is outward
Happens in adulthood – after finding intimacy
Guidance to one’s children or the next generation through career or volunteer work

32. Class discussion
Are parents creating a society of “wimps” by protecting them from failures and giving them everything they want?

33. Write it down! Write down 5 stereotypes that kids have about adults
Write down 5 stereotypes adults might have for kids.
Compare with a partner when finished.

34. Generativity
Parents who cannot focus outward are dealing with unresolved conflicts
These parents focus on their own needs instead of their children’s – they are stagnated

35. Ego Integrity Happens in late adulthood
Coming to terms with losses, gains, letting go of regrets, and the final completion of the ego

36. Physical changes in adults
Menopause – the cessation of ovulation and menstrual cycles and the end of a woman’s reproductive capability - hot flashes
Andropause – gradual changes in the sexual hormones and reproductive system of middle-aged males

37. Why does aging occur?
Cellular clock theory – cells are limited in the times they can reproduce and repair
Wear and tear theory – stress, physical exertion, and bodily damage cause aging. Collagen, a tissue, wears out and becomes wrinkled
Free radical theory – Oxygen molecules stealing electrons and bouncing around

38. Activity Theory Those who stay involved live longer
Stimulate the brain
Those who are shut off and do not participate for many reasons do not live as long
“Use it or lose it”

39. Stages of Death Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance
There is not “right” or “wrong” way to die

40. Death Old people aren't the only people who die
SIDS – sudden infant death syndrome
Adolescent’s decisions because of personal fables – it wont happen to me. Texting and driving

41. On your iPad 1. Write your own obituary
2. Would you want to know right now the age you will die at? Explain.
3. What does it mean to have a midlife crisis? Why do people go through this?
After your finished – practice quiz on page 170