1. Bio 9C: Wednesday, January 27, 2010 Title: Cell Specialization, Part 2
Homework:
Read Section 35-2 (pgs ). and take notes using active reading strategies – see assignment sheet for details.
Do Now:
Look over your midterm exam
In your notebook, write down:
One thing you did well
One thing you could have improved on
Any questions you have about the midterm
On the anonymous survey, respond to the survey questions honestly.
Today’s Objectives:
Review the Midterm Exam and answer MAJOR questions (individual issues need to be discussed after school)
Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions

2. Today’s Agenda Review Midterm Exam results
Class and grade results
Major questions you have
Cell Specialization Investigation
Worksheet w/ a partner
Class discussion & brief notes
Notes on neurons and divisions of the nervous system

3. Midterm Exam Results Class Data Graphed Class Median Grade: 82
Class Average Grade: 81
Class Median Grade: 82
9th Grade Average Grade: 76
9th Grade Median Grade: 79
Class Data Graphed
Number of 9C Students with each exam score
19 students with passing score
Grade on 2009 Midterm Exam

4. Investigate Cell Specialization Specialized Cells have Specialized Structures
“Typical” Cell
“Mystery” Cell
Objectives for Class:
Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions
Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

5. PHA Biology 9 Moretti and Dickson
The Nervous System
PHA Biology 9
Moretti and Dickson

6. Neurons: Structure and Function
Objectives for Class:
Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions
Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

7. Neurons: Structure and Function
Neuron = a specialized nerve cell
Function: communicate with body organs by sending electrical signals (impulses)
Structure:
Long branches send and
receive signals
Cell body coordinates
incoming and outgoing signals

8. Neurons: Structure and Function
Dendrites: branched extensions, carry impulses toward cell body
Cell Body:
nucleus & organelles
Axon: Takes impulses away
from cell body
Objectives for Class:
Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions
Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

9. Neurons: Structure and Function
Axon
Cell Body
Dendrites
Objectives for Class:
Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions
Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

10. Nervous System: The 2 Major Divisions
Central Nervous System
Brain and spinal cord
Brain: Processes information and controls responses
Spinal cord: Links brain to other nerves and controls reflex responses.
Peripheral Nervous System
All other nerves throughout the body
Motor neurons send info from brain to muscles
Sensory neurons send info from sense organs to brain
Image: Adam, Inc.;
Objectives for Class:
Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components

11. Nervous System: Major Divisions Working Together
Objectives for Class:
Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components

12. Bio 9C: Thursday, January 28, 2010 Title: Reaction Time Lab
Homework:
Complete the Reaction Time Lab analysis
Do Now:
Briefly Review Pre-Lab
Today’s Objectives:
Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components
Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

13. Lab: Testing the Reaction Time of Different Muscle Groups
Abstract:
When a glass drops from a table and shatters, you turn your head to see what happened. This is just one example of how your nervous system senses and responds to stimuli. In this lab, we will test how fast you can react to various stimuli.
First, I’ll need a volunteer with cat-like reflexes for a quick demonstration. Then, you’ll test the reaction time of different muscle groups (fingers vs. arms) by measuring how far a meter stick falls before you can catch it.
Demo
Part I – Measuring Reaction Time of Finger Muscles
Complete Lab and Record Data
Part II – Measuring Reaction Time of Arm Muscles
Objectives for Class:
Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

14. Reaction Time Lab: Class Averages
Group Name
Finger Reaction (cm)
Arm Reaction (cm)
Rishab and Ashley
14.9 cm
15.7 cm
Alejandra and Rowan
14.5cm
22cm
Milly and Michael
16.4 cm
17.9 cm
Yasmine and Aaliyah
20.6 cm
18 cm
Derrell and Jasmine
12.4
14.6
Alain and Kiraleah
14.7 cm
23.5 cm
Nehemie and Hannah
13.6 cm
18.5 cm
Drishti and Maddie
15.4 cm
19.5 cm
Gustavo and Martin
13 cm
16.5 cm
Carl and Erik
10.7cm
11.6cm
Arielle and Beverly
14.4cm
17.8cm
Class Average
14.6 cm
17.8 cm

15. Bio 9C: Friday, January 29, 2010 Title: Structure and Function of Nerve Cells
Homework:
In notebook – 2 paragraphs summarizing class notes (see assignment sheet for details…)
How do the brain, spinal cord, sensory nerves, and motor nerves work together to sense and respond to a stimulus?
How does the structure of a neuron fit its function?
Prepare for Monday’s in-class essay (quiz grade) by completing the last question on the Reaction Time Lab
Explain how the nervous, muscle, and skeletal systems worked together to allow you to sense and react to the stimulus in this lab experiment.
As part of your answer:
Begin with the stimulus (you can choose one of the experiments you did in class, not both).
Explain how the structures of the Nervous System sense the stimulus, transport an impulse, and transmit it to the Muscle System (10 pts)
Explain how the structures of the Muscle System receive the impulse and turn into an action (contraction). (4 pts)
Explain how the Muscle System connects to the Skeletal System and causes movement (6 pts)
Be sure to include appropriate vocabulary and terminology.
Do Now:
What is the difference between a dendrite and an axon?
How do they relate to the overall function of a neuron?
Today’s Objectives:
Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components
Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

16. Neurons: Structure and Function
Dendrites: branched extensions, carry impulses toward cell body
Cell Body:
nucleus & organelles
Axon: Takes impulses away
from cell body
Objectives for Class:
Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions
Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

17. Nerve Impulse: A “wave” of electricity that travels through the neuron
3 Steps of a Nerve Impulse:
Dendrites are stimulated by a stimulus (environment or other neuron).
Electric impulse travels to cell body.
Cell body sends an impulse down the axon to the axon terminals.
Stimulus!
(Sound, smell, sight, taste, another neuron’s signal)
Objectives for Class:
Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

18. The “wave” of a nerve impulse
Objectives for Class:
Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

19. Neurons communicate with other cells
Other neurons
Synapse:
The place where a neuron connects to another cell
Motor neuron
Muscle cell

20. Communication At the Synapse
Axon terminal releases neurotransmitter (a tiny signal molecule).
Neurotransmitter diffuses across synapse and signals the next cell.
This triggers an impulse in the next cell.
Objectives for Class:
Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

21. Communication w/ Muscle Cells
Objectives for Class:
Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body