1. Water in the Desert Seat work
Egypt Under the Pharaohs
Water in the Desert
Seat work
Students will quietly enter the room, find your seats and discuss your three sticky notes on pages with your row group.
Central Question:
How did the Nile River effect the development of Egyptian society? (3.5e)
Have students review what they learned about civilizations in the Fertile Crescent. Guide them to point out how important the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers were. Then have students predict what they will learn about the importance of rivers in ancient Egypt. When you have finished reading the section, have students come back to their predictions to see which ones were accurate.

2. Introduction
Chapter Introduction
This chapter will introduce you to Ancient Egypt and Nubia. You will learn all about the cultures of those two regions, as well as the way geography affected people’s lives.
Section 1: Egypt Under the Pharaohs
Section 3: Egypt and Nubia

4. Key Ideas Egypt’s unique geography helped shape
Egypt Under the Pharaohs
Key Ideas
Egypt’s unique geography helped shape
its civilization and farming methods.
Pharaohs belonging to dynasties ruled Egypt
and were seen as gods.
Egyptians worshiped many gods.

5. Key Terms cataract—group of rocky rapids
Egypt Under the Pharaohs
Key Terms
cataract—group of rocky rapids
delta—a flat plain formed on a seabed where a river deposits material over many years
artisan—skilled worker who practices a handicraft
pharaoh—king of ancient Egypt
Students should use the Word Wise feature in this chapter of their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

6. Key Terms dynasty—a series of rulers from the same family
Egypt Under the Pharaohs
Key Terms
dynasty—a series of rulers from the
same family
bureaucracy—a system of
government officials who carry out
government rules and regulations
mummy—a body that has been preserved
so it will not decompose
Students should use the Word Wise feature in this chapter of their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

8. Egypt Under the Pharaohs
The Nile River Valley
At about 3,500 miles (5,400km), the Nile River is the world’s longest river. Its sources are the Blue Nile and White Nile.
The Nile divides Egypt into Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. Cataracts separate the two parts.
Egyptians called the fertile area along the river “the black land.” Floods renewed “the Black Land” for farming. Floods could also cause much destruction.
Egyptians called the deserts “the Red Land.”

10. Civilization Develops
Egypt Under the Pharaohs
Civilization Develops
How did technology aid Egypt’s food production?
How did increased food production
affect people’s livelihoods?
What are artisans?

11. Egypt Under the Pharaohs
The Kingdoms of Egypt
Egypt was first united in about 3000 B.C. The pharaoh then wore a double crown.
The Old Kingdom lasted several hundred years.
The Middle Kingdom lasted about 400 years and ended in civil war. The New Kingdom was the high point of Egyptian power and prosperity. It was destroyed by foreign invaders.
The Egyptian bureaucracy handled government business. It was a model for later governments.

12. Two Great Rulers How were the reigns of Hatshepsut and
Egypt Under the Pharaohs
Two Great Rulers
How were the reigns of Hatshepsut and
Ramses II different from each other?
Hatshepsut
Ramses II
Have students fill in the chart with ways in which the two rulers were different from each other. Discuss students’ charts as a class.

13. Egyptian Society How was Egyptian society structured?
Egypt Under the Pharaohs
Egyptian Society
How was Egyptian society structured?
What does it mean that the pharaoh is
“at the top of the pyramid”?
Which social group was at
the bottom of the social pyramid?
Refer students to this feature in Section 1 of the Student Edition.

14. Mummification What was the significance of
Egypt Under the Pharaohs
Mummification
What was the significance of
mummification for the ancient Egyptians?
How did the process of mummification advance the Egyptians’ knowledge of anatomy?
How did mummification advance the arts in ancient Egypt?
Direct students to the Mummies and Mummification feature in section 1. Remind them that “anatomy” in this context means the structure of the human body.

16. Egyptian Writing Egyptians developed one of the first systems
Art, Architecture, and Learning in Egypt
Egyptian Writing
Egyptians developed one of the first systems
of writing and some of the world’s earliest
literature.
What was it?

18. Citation
A beginning

19. Rotations Rotation 1 Rotation 2 Not today Group 1 Handheld Device
Research Station
Group 1
Group 3
Group 2
Group 4