1. Notes that can be used to study for the China test

2. Huang He—-Yellow because of Loess
--Loess is a fertile yellow-brown soil
---Loess builds up and causes destructive flooding
----The floods bring fertile soil to lowlands
Chang—longest river in China
--3rd longest river in world
---Home to Three Gorges Dam—worlds largest dam
Xi– also known as the West River
--major shipping route in South China

3. In China not everyone was ________________.
The population was divided into different ________________________.
equal
Social classes

4. At the top of the China’s society were the ________________________
At the top of the China’s society were the ________________________. These were wealthy, educated ______________________. The Gentry did not have to ___________________ or do physical labor. To symbolize their status as non-workers many Gentry would let their _____________________grow very long.
gentry
landowners
work
fingernails

5. Most ____________________ came from the Gentry class
Most ____________________ came from the Gentry class. They collected taxes, kept the peace, and advised the ___________________.
The Gentry had time for arts like ____________________ or writing poetry.
Government officials
emperor
painting

6. Most of the people in China were _______________________
Most of the people in China were _______________________. Few were wealthy. Many owned small plots of land or were __________________ farmers for the landowners. Others did not own _____________________ and were simply ______________.
peasants
tenant
land
laborers

7. Peasants lived in small __________________________
Peasants lived in small __________________________. The Village headman and ______________________ of families kept order. _____________________ were paid to the imperial government.
Peasants were still considered to be above artisans (people who made stuff), merchants (people who sold stuff), and soldiers in Chinese society.
villages
Heads
Taxes

8. Lower classes could move up in society by getting an _______________________. If they studied hard and passed a difficult ________________________________ they could become government officials and rise in society.
education
examination

9. Family Life
Family played an important role in Chinese farming society. Only by __________________________________ could a Chinese family produce what it needed to survive. Younger members had to ____________________________.
Working together
Respect their elders

10. Joint family
The ___________________________ was the ideal family in China. This included many generations living together (another term for this is ___________________________________). The oldest ________________ had the authority over the rest.
Many family members of the poor ____________ of diseases. Children often died ________________.
Extended family
male
died
young

11. The idea of _____________________________ meant that from birth children learned to put the family’s interests before ____________________________. Parents expected __________________________________ and respect.
Filial piety
Their own
Complete obedience

12. Filial piety included respect and reverence for the family’s ______________________.
The Chinese believed the extended family included both the ____________________ and the ________________________. The living were expected to provide the ancestors with _____________________ and _______________________ throughout the year. The ____________ of the family were needed to carry out this ritual.
ancestors
living
dead
food
clothing
sons

13. In China marriages were arranged by _________________________
In China marriages were arranged by _________________________. This was a chance for the _______________________ to strengthen their place in society through a bride’s wealth. Peasants looked for a bride who would ___________________hard and bear many ________________________. Marriages also had to be approved by the ___________________. Marriage dates were set based on numbers that would bring ___________________ _________________.
parents
gentry
work
children
ancestors
Good fortune/luck

14. In China ________________ were inferior to __________________
In China ________________ were inferior to __________________. ____________ were only valued for the work they could do and ______________ they could produce.
women
men
Girls/women
children

15. When married a young girl would become a member of the ________________ family. Often the mother-in-laws were _________________ to the young brides. Because of __________________________ the young women had to show respect to the mother-in-laws no matter how much they mistreated them. If a women gave birth to a ____________ she gained ____________.
husbands
Harsh/cruel
Filial piety
son
Honor/respect

16. Around 950 AD the process of _______________ ______________ became popular. Only women with bound feet would be considered beautiful and would be able to find a husband.
Foot binding

17. _______________ was a Chinese
Philosopher who emphasized peace and harmony.
Confucius
Believed in filial piety and superiors should be responsible for the_____________________of those inferior to them.
Well being
Wrote a book called
__________________
The Analects
Believed in 5
_______________
Friend and friend
Ruler and ruled
relationships
Husband and wife
Father and son
Older brother and younger brother
Filial piety

18. ___________ was founded by Philosopher
Believed people should do nothing against _____________
Wrote a book called __________________________________________
The Way of Virtue
nature
The best government is the one with the fewest __________
___________ was founded by Philosopher
Lao Zi
Daoism
laws
People respond to ____________ and __________________.
rewards
punishment
legalism
_________________ was started by philosopher Han Feizi
Wrote a book called
___________
Han Feizi
Only harsh ___________ imposed by a _____________ ruler would ensure order in society.
laws
strict

19. Buddhism came to China from
_________
Stressed ____________
And
____________
mercy
India
compassion
Instead of earthly life it dealt with life after ___________
death
Salvation for those who lived ______________________
punishment
___________ for the wicked
Moral lives

20. (re)builds infrastructure Gives ____________to peasants
Dynastic Cycle
New Dynasty
Brings ___________
(re)builds infrastructure
Gives ____________to peasants
___________the people
Old Dynasty
_______people too much
____________protecting the people
let’s infrastructure decay
Treats people _________.
peace
taxes
Generations go by . . .
stops
land
protects
unfairly
New Dynasty claims ___________________________
Dynasty
________Mandate of
Heaven
loses
Mandate Of
Heaven
problems
________are a sign of a Dynasty ending!
Natural disasters
__________________
Invasions
Bandits in the country
Peasant revolts

21. Time period
Dynasty
Leader(s)
Accomplishments
Irrigation, flood control, writing system, accurate calendar, bronze making, silk making, pottery
Shang
1650 BC
many S
Shi Huandgi
United China, single-law code, uniform weights and measures, built roads, built Great Wall
Qin
221 BC
Expanded China, expanded trade, set up Civil Service exam, medical advances, first university, improved calendar, invented the seismograph, advances in farming, paper making
Han
206 BC
Liu Bang
Increased trade, built a strong navy, invented the sternpost rudder, invented magnetic compass, invented block printing and moveable type, conquered Vietnam
Tang &Song

22. Time period
Dynasty
Leader(s)
Accomplishments
Built efficient transportation system, built a messenger system to carry news across China
**Marco Polo visits
Mongol/
Yuan
Kublai Khan
1279
Revived Confucian learning, expanded the civil service, built the Forbidden City, explored SE Asia, India, and Africa
Ming Hung Wu
Ming
1368
Manchurians controlled China, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Nepal, Vietnam, Korea
*Limited contact with foreigners
The Manchus
Qing
The Chinese believed that heaven granted a ruler their Mandate, or right to rule.
--The people owed the ruler their complete loyalty and obedience
--The ruler had to provide a good and fair government
If a ruler failed to provide a peaceful protected kingdom, then the people had the right to rebel.