1. Prepositions and Conjunctions
Grammar Unit
Prepositions and Conjunctions

2. Let’s Review . . .
The preposition is the sixth and conjunction is the seventh of the eight parts of speech. Just for the record, here are all eight:
Noun
Pronoun
Adjective
Verb
Adverb
Preposition
Conjunction
Interjection

4. First, let's start with a basic definition:
Conjunctions are words that join words or groups of words. There are two main types: coordinating conjunctions subordinating conjunctions

5. Coordinating conjunctions include:
FANBOYS
For
And
Nor
But Or
Yet So
These conjunctions connect words, phrases, and clauses of equal value.

6. Let’s practice . . .
Write 3 sentences that include coordinating conjunctions. Do they connect words, phrases, and clauses of equal value?

7. Independent Clauses:
Clauses of equal value are called independent clauses and can stand on their own as separate sentences.
Example:
John is running in this race, and I am carrying his water bottle.
Each clause can stand alone:
John is running in this race.
I am carrying his water bottle.
Double check your sentences - conjunctions connect words, phrases, and clauses of equal value.

8. Subordinating conjunctions:
Subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses.
Dependent clauses cannot stand alone as a single sentence.
In fact, the clause is dependent on the rest of the sentence for its meaning.

9. Dependent Clauses:
Dependent Clauses cannot stand alone as a single sentence.
The clause is dependent on the rest of the sentence for its meaning.
Example:
Since I will not be home, Tina will answer the phone.
"Since I will not be home" doesn't make sense by itself.
It is dependent on the rest of the sentence for its meaning.

10. Subordinating Conjunctions
Most commonly used subordinating conjunctions include:
Although
Because As
While
Until
Whether
Since
After
So that
When
Before If

11. Now let’s practice . . .
Subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses.
With a partner, come up with at least 3 examples of sentences that include Subordinating Conjunctions that introduce Dependent Clauses.

12. Conjunction Quiz Find the conjunctions in the following sentences.
Label them “C” for coordinating or “S” for subordinating.
He listened to the man's story and reported it to the policeman on duty.
2. I haven't seen my brother since he left for college.
3. Your aunt or your uncle will pick you up from school today.
4. Tom, Jane, Sue, and Tim will be going on the trip.
5. I remember the old school book, for it was once mine.
6. Sarah did not feel well, but she went to class anyway.
7. Although the old man was hungry, he never said a word to anyone.
8. I think I heard that on the television or radio although I am not sure.

13. Correlative Conjunctions
Work in pairs and groups of equal importance.
Examples:
Both……and
Just as…..so
Not only…..but also
Either…..or
Neither…….nor
Whether……or
Either the rain will stop, or we’ll reschedule the picnic.

14. PREPOSITIONS

16. A word that shows a relationship between a noun or pronoun and some other word in the sentence.
The baseball player in the white shirt
hit a homerun.

17. near the goat about a goon under a mouse without a pass
A word that shows a relationship between a noun or pronoun and some other word in the sentence.
on her boat before noon
in a house during class
near the goat about a goon
under a mouse without a pass

18. OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION
The noun or pronoun that ends a prepositional phrase.
The baseball player in the white shirt
hit a homerun.

19. OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION
The noun or pronoun that ends a prepositional phrase.
on her boat before noon
in a house during class
near the goat about a goon
under a mouse without a pass

20. Always begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun.
Write sentences for these prepositional phrases:

21. The puppy in the shop window jumped up.
Modifies a noun or pronoun
It answers the same questions an adjective would:
Which one? What kind? How many?
The puppy in the shop window jumped up.

22. The puppy jumped to the food.
Modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb
It answers the same questions an adverb would:
Where? When? How?
The puppy jumped to the food.

23. You MUST memorize the prepositions!
If there is no object of the preposition (if the preposition is not part of a phrase), then it is not a preposition—it is an adverb.

24. The gecko climbed up. The gecko climbed up the wall.
The gecko climbed up on the wall.

25. The paper with the blue border is floating through the air.
Identify the prepositional phrases and the objects of the preposition:
The paper with the blue border is floating through the air.
Jordan’s eyes sparkle like a sunny day.
With great ease, Michael jumped up on the table.

26. The paper with the blue border is floating through the air. v
The paper with the blue border is floating through the air.
Jordan’s eyes sparkle like a sunny day.
With great ease, Michael jumped up on the table.

27. The tadpoles are below the surface of the pond.
adverb or preposition?
The tadpoles are below the surface of the pond.
I jumped up and Amy jumped down.
Is Taylor near?
Erin looked across the bus to the purple-haired boy.

28. Homework
In a newspaper or magazine, find an article that interests you and is more than 10 sentences in length. Tape the article to a clean sheet of paper. With a YELLOW pencil or pen, underline and number all the conjunction in the article. On the paper, identify the type of conjunction it is. With a BLUE highlighter, underline any prepositional phrases. Due Tomorrow at the beginning of class.