1. Civilian Control of the Military
It is next to impossible to turn on the television or pick up the paper without seeing where the President is involved in an issue with a foreign government. Where does the President get the power to make these foreign policy decisions? What role does Congress play? Why does a civilian run our military?
Civilian Control of the Military 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2. Overview Civilian Control of the Military
Constitutional Powers of the President and the Executive Branch 2

3. Democracy
Government by the people: Supreme power vested in the people exercised either directly, or indirectly through a system of delegated authority in which people choose their representatives in free elections.
Government by the people
Supreme power vested in the people
Free elections where multiple parties compete for office 4 4 4 4

4. Traits Acceptance for minorities Freedom of expression/of the press
Respect for the dignity of the individual
Bottom Line: Gov’t does not give people their rights—it is instituted to protect rights which already exist! 5 5 5 5

5. How do Democracies and Militaries Interact?
We must look to the people for war’s logic
Articulation of purpose
Definition of war
Limits of war
Example of SrA Lyeawee on PT.
To fight: that is our fundamental job
In a democracy, the people determine what the plan or design is, and the people will also determine whether or not it’s been achieved in a satisfactory way.
Vietnam perfect example- purpose not defined
War against terrorism- purpose was defined and people supported
Military officers have to be responsible for using the tool (military) in the way the government/people wish. 14 14 13 14

6. Society must trust us!
Officers are commissioned to use violence on society’s behalf—never on their own behalf!
subordinate nature
balancing liberty and security 16 16 15 16

7. Constitutional Powers (President & Executive Branch
Foreign Policy
Chief Executive
Chief Negotiator and Diplomat
Authority to Appoint & Remove Officials
The President receives his foreign policy powers from the Constitution. Which article of the Constitution grants the President this power. Article II 2 2 2 2 3 2 2

8. Foreign Policy Powers Chief Executive Commander-In-Chief
First sentence in Article II: “The Executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States”
“He shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed”
Commander-In-Chief
Does the President have final authority to commit troops abroad? 3 3 3 4 3

9. War Powers Resolution Act
Passed in 1973
Can only deploy troops under:
declaration of war
national emergency
Report to Congress within 48 hours
Report status periodically to Congress 4 3 4 4 5 4 4

10. War Powers Resolution Act
Limit of 60 days without declaration of war (with a 30 day extension for troop withdrawal)
Keeps United States from getting into war without clear resolution
Reassert the war powers under Article I of Constitution 5 3 5 5 6 5 5

11. Presidential Constitutional Powers
Chief Negotiator and Diplomat
Executive Agreements
Formal Obligations between US and foreign governments
Do Not require Senate approval
Authority to appoint and remove officials 4 4 4 5 4

12. Executive Institutions and
Government Account Office Congressional Budget Office
Executive Departments
and Agencies
Senate Committees
Armed Services
House Committees
Armed Services
Arms Control
Agency
DOE
International
Relations
Executive Departments
Foreign Relations
Interior
White
House
Office
Domestic
Council
Treasury
Close
Budget
Budget
CIA
President
FBI
NSC
OMB
Rules
Council
of Econ
Advisors
Advisors
Energy and
National
Resources
Science and
Technology
State
Justice
Office of Science and
Technology Policy
National
Security
Agency
Commerce
Defense
OSD, JCS, Army
Navy, Air Force, DIA
Appropriations
Appropriations
Governmental
Affairs
Governmental
Operations
Executive Institutions and
Policy Influences 9 6 9 9 9 9 10

13. Growth of Executive Dominance
Growth of Executive Institutions
Foreign policy machinery grew considerably since WWII
National Security Act of 1947
Created NSC, CIA, and DOD
Gave President an intelligence advisor (CIA) and military advisor (CJCS), and national defense advisor (Sec of Def) 10 10 10 11 10

14. Summary Civilian Control of the Military
Constitutional Powers of the President and the Executive Branch 2

15. Civilian Control of the Military1 1 1 1 1 1 1