1. Chapter 1 Foundations of Government

2. Lesson 1 Purpose and Origin of Government

3. Answer these questions in a small group
1. Why is government necessary?
2. What would life be like without government?

4. Purpose & Origins of Government
Essential Questions: Why do all societies need some form of government? How did the world’s earliest governments originate?

5. What does government do for us?B.
What does government do for us? D. C.

6. Purpose & Functions of Government
Maintain Social Order
Provides Public Services
Purpose & Functions of Government
Provide National Security
Make Economic Decisions

7. Purpose & Functions of Government
Provides Public Services
Maintain Social Order
Our government makes laws to prohibit “crimes” (murder, rape, assault, theft, etc.) and punishes those who break them. Government also provides courts to resolve disputes between individuals.
Purpose & Functions of Government
Provide National Security
Make Economic Decisions

8. Purpose & Functions of Government
Maintain Social Order
Our government makes laws to prohibit “crimes” (murder, rape, assault, theft, etc.) and punishes those who break them. Government also provides courts to resolve disputes between individuals.
Provides Public Services
Our government provides public roads, bridges, sewer systems, health & safety inspectors, public education, public libraries, etc.
Purpose & Functions of Government
Provide National Security
Make Economic Decisions

9. Purpose & Functions of Government
Maintain Social Order
Our government makes laws to prohibit “crimes” (murder, rape, assault, theft, etc.) and punishes those who break them. Government also provides courts to resolve disputes between individuals.
Provides Public Services
Our government provides public roads, bridges, sewer systems, health & safety inspectors, public education, public libraries, etc.
Purpose & Functions of Government
Provide National Security
Our government provides a military to protect us from attack, provides border patrol, provides intelligence agencies to spy for potential threats, etc.
Make Economic Decisions

10. Purpose & Functions of Government
Maintain Social Order
Our government makes laws to prohibit “crimes” (murder, rape, assault, theft, etc.) and punishes those who break them. Government also provides courts to resolve disputes between individuals.
Provides Public Services
Our government provides public roads, bridges, sewer systems, health & safety inspectors, public education, public libraries, etc.
Purpose & Functions of Government
Provide National Security
Our government provides a military to protect us from attack, provides border patrol, provides intelligence agencies to spy for potential threats, etc.
Make Economic Decisions
Our government provides a monetary system (U.S. Dollars), controls interest rates and inflation, and provides aid to the poor so that Americans enjoy a high standard of living.

12. How did governments come into existence?
Theories on the Origins of Government
Evolutionary Theory
Force Theory
How did governments come into existence?
Divine Right Theory
Social Contract Theory (by Thomas Hobbes)

13. How did governments come into existence?
Theories on the Origins of Government
Evolutionary Theory
As the extended family grew in size, the elders became the governing body of that society.
Force Theory
How did governments come into existence?
Divine Right Theory
Social Contract Theory (by Thomas Hobbes)

14. How did governments come into existence?
Theories on the Origins of Government
Evolutionary Theory
As the extended family grew in size, the elders became the governing body of that society.
Force Theory
Those who were stronger and/or had the backing of a military brought areas under their control by force and thus became the government.
How did governments come into existence?
Divine Right Theory
Social Contract Theory (by Thomas Hobbes)

15. How did governments come into existence?
Theories on the Origins of Government
Evolutionary Theory
As the extended family grew in size, the elders became the governing body of that society.
Force Theory
Those who were stronger and/or had the backing of a military brought areas under their control by force and thus became the government.
How did governments come into existence?
Divine Right Theory
The people in some societies believed that their leaders (Kings, Emperors, etc.) were chosen by God so by obeying these leaders they were obeying God.
Social Contract Theory (by Thomas Hobbes)

16. How did governments come into existence?
Theories on the Origins of Government
Evolutionary Theory
As the extended family grew in size, the elders became the governing body of that society.
Force Theory
Those who were stronger and/or had the backing of a military brought areas under their control by force and thus became the government.
How did governments come into existence?
Divine Right Theory
The people in some societies believed that their leaders (Kings, Emperors, etc.) were chosen by God so by obeying these leaders they were obeying God.
Social Contract Theory (by Thomas Hobbes)
The people saw the brutality of life w/out laws, so they agreed to create a government and accepted the government’s authority over them. In exchange, the people expected the government to protect them.

17. When and where did democratic government first develop?

18. *The geographic boundaries of states and nations do not always match.
What is the difference between a state and a nation?
State
Definition – a political community that occupies a definite territory, has an organized government, and has sovereignty (has supreme & absolute authority w/in its territorial boundaries)
Nation
Definition – a sizeable group of people that share common bonds of race, language, customs, and religion
*The geographic boundaries of states and nations do not always match.

19. What is the difference between a state and a nation?
Definition – a political community that occupies a definite territory, has an organized government, and has sovereignty (has supreme & absolute authority w/in its territorial boundaries)
Nation
Definition – a sizeable group of people that share common bonds of race, language, customs, and religion
*The geographic boundaries of states and nations do not always match.
Examples of Multi-Nation States:
Canada (English-Speaking Canadians & French Canadians)
Iraq (Sunnis, Kurds, & Shiites)
Israel (Jews & Palestinians)

20. *The geographic boundaries of states and nations do not always match.
What is the difference between a state and a nation?
State
Definition – a political community that occupies a definite territory, has an organized government, and has sovereignty (has supreme & absolute authority w/in its territorial boundaries)
Nation
Definition – a sizeable group of people that share common bonds of race, language, customs, and religion
*The geographic boundaries of states and nations do not always match.
Examples of Nations W/out a State of Their Own:
Kurds (live primarily in Northern Iraq & Southeastern Turkey)
Palestinians (live in Israel)
Chechens (live in part of Russia)

21. Types of Government
Lesson 2

22. Division of Power
Intro:
How is power divided in your house?

23. Name that National Anthem!
Listen to the following three national anthems and they to answer the following three questions.
1) What does the anthem/lyrics say to the world? To its people?
2) Who/what is the song honoring?
3) Who has the power?
4) What type of political system have?

24. Systems of Government
Governments carry out important functions of the society
Organized in two ways:
How Democratic? How Power is divided…
Larger and smaller parts of the country
National, State, Local
3 Main Systems: Unitary, Confederacy, Federal Systems

25. Systems of Government Unitary System – Confederate System –
All power to the central government
Powers to states and local are specifically expressed by the central government
Japan, France and Bolivia
Confederate System –
Loose union of independent states/territories (American Revolution)
Most power relies in the states/territories of the country.
Weal central Gov’t
Federal System – (Federalism)
Power divided (Nation, State, Local)
USA Developed system under the Constitution
Advantage: power is shared amongst various levels
Disadvantage: each level can make its own laws

28. CONSTITUTIONS AND GOVERNMENTS
A constitution is a plan for government and serves three major purposes.
1. establishes ideals that people of a nation share.
2. defines a government’s basic powers and duties.
3. provides the “supreme” law of a nation.
All countries have a constitution. That is to say, they all have a plan for government.
Special emphasis is given to countries that are recognized as having “constitutional governments.”
Country that operates according to the constitution
Constitutional Governments = limited Government
Constitutions are often considered “incomplete guides”

29. Incomplete Constitutions
1. no constitution can spell out ALL of the laws, customs, ideas that grow in that country
EX: FDR terms as president
Unspoken: 2 terms
22nd Amendment = president limited to two terms
2. constitution does not always reflect actual government practices
China’s republic lists ideals of rights, freedoms, and duties
China maintains police force
Spies on people
Violates people’s rights in their constitution

30. Major Types of Government
Major concepts
Who governs?,
Who gives the government its power?
Who benefits from the government?
Who/How can they participate?
Most government can be categorized into three types:
Autocracy
Oligarchy
Democracy

31. Authoritarian
Government that controls all aspects of citizens economic, political and social lives
Historically autocrats maintained power through inheritance or ruthless military rule.
Most autocratic government are split two way (dictatorships or monarchs).
Dictatorship – (totalitarian) – government has total control
Opposition to the government/leader is not allowed
Monarchs cane come in two forms,
Limited – tradition or law (council)
Absolute – do not share power
Constitutional Monarchy – king or queen is limited by the law

32. OLIGARCHY
The power to govern is concentrated in the hands of a few people.
Power is derived from wealth, military, social positions, religion or a combination of all of these factors.
An oligarchy can sometimes mimic a dictatorship in the way leadership maintains control of the people they govern (ruthless leadership).

34. Presidential vs. Parliamentary Government (Democracy)

35. DEMOCRACY
The power to govern is in the hands of the people (consent of the governed).
The key concept of democracy is sovereignty.
People have the power (Vote)
There are two forms of democracy (direct or representative).
What is the difference between direct and representative democracy?

36. CHARACTERISTICS OF A DEMOCRACY
Individual Liberty (is it unlimited)?
Majority Rule with Minority Rights (What does this mean)?
What is the idea of Tyranny of the Majority? How does this affect majority rule?
Free Elections (we choose our own representatives).
Competing Political Parties (give voters choice among candidates and add meaning to elections).

37. Role of Government in Economic Systems
Chapter 1
Lesson 3

38. Fundamentals of Economics
is the study of human efforts to satisfy seemingly unlimited wants through the use of limited resources
What to produce.
How to produce.
For whom to produce.
Economic Systems:
Traditional
Market
Command
How economies work
How government affects the economy

39. ECONOMIC THEORIES Capitalism Socialism Communism
Private ownership of the factors of production, freedom of choice, and individual incentives
Socialism
Government plays a role, but does not control it completely.
Communism
Government makes decisions
How much to make, What to produce, how much of the product to distribute

40. CAPITALISM Government does not interfere with the economy
Goal: - produce a Free Market
Government places no limit of freedom of buyers and sellers on economic decisions
Freedom of choice is the central ideology.
Private ownership.
Free enterprise
Competition among businesses.
The possibility for profit.

41. Origins of Capitalism Capitalism two major principles;
1. people could work for economic gain,
2. wealth should be used aggressively.
Scottish philosopher Adam Smith was the most well known proponent of capitalism (Wealth of Nations).
In the Wealth of Nations, Smith describes what he calls Laissez-faire economics (hands off).

42. Socialism Socialism has three main goals:
1. Distribution of wealth equally among people.
2. Government control of all decisions regarding resources in a country.
3. Public ownership of most land, factories, and other means of production.

43. COMMUNISM
Idea developed by Karl Marx who wrote both the Communist Manifesto and Das Capital.
Marx divided industrial societies into two classes;
1.bourgeoisie and
2. the proletariat who work to produce goods.
Marx saw capitalism as oppressive because a small group owned all the means of production.
The theory under communism is that only one social class would evolve.
Everything (property, means of production, wealth) would be held by the common people so there would be no need for government.

45. Mixed Economies Combine elements of capitalism and socialism
Modern United States
Early America
Government = small role
Historical events had lead the Government to take a larger role
Great Depression
Social Security Act
Affordable Care Act
Stimulus Bailout