1. Pick up a pre test if you need to finish. We have 15 minutes!!!!
If you are not finished with clicking the Exam, please let me know!
9/11 Opener

2. Enjoy and remember in tough times, someone feels this way about you: qGrc&feature=related
Super Happy Fun Time

3. How to Read Expository Paragraphs
Maintaining sanity while dissecting informational readings!!!

4. Objectives/Standards
1. Define the term topic sentence and locate it within expository paragraphs
2. Differentiate between statements of facts, opinions and expert opinions in expository paragraphs.
3. Explain the differences between a writer's style and a writer's tone.
Core Standards Addressed:
RI : Analyze in detail how an author’s ideas or claims are developed and refined by particular sentences, paragraphs, or larger portions of a text
RI : Determine a central idea of the text and analyze its specific development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details
RI : Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone
RI : Determine an author’s point of view or purpose in a text and analyze how an author uses rhetoric to advance that point of view or purpose
Objectives/Standards

5. Identifying Main Ideas and Topic Sentences
What is the topic sentence?
A topic sentence is a broad, general statement, that summarizes the key points in the paragraph. Some topic sentences are clearly stated; others may be implied.
A thesis is a focus statement or main idea that is supported by facts or argument. It usually applies to an entire document, essay, or chapter, whereas a topic sentence applies to paragraphs. A thesis can be supported by paragraphs containing different topic sentences.
Can you find it???
Identifying Main Ideas and Topic Sentences

6. -Wallace, Biology: The World of Life, p. 283
“There are 1,500 species of bacteria and approximately 8,500 species of birds. The carrot family alone has about 3,500 species, and there are 15,000 species of wild orchids. Clearly, the task of separating various living things into their proper groups is not an easy task. Within the insect family, the problem becomes even more complex. For example, there are about 300,000 species of beetles. In fact, certain species are disappearing from the earth before we can even identify and classify them.”
-Wallace, Biology: The World of Life, p. 283
Topic Sentence: Example 1

7. -Coleman and Cressey, Social Problems, p. 227
“Many elderly people have trouble getting the care and treatment they need for ailments. Most hospitals, designed to handle injuries and acute illness that are common to the young, do not have the facilities or personnel to treat the chronic degenerative diseases of the elderly. Many doctors are also ill-prepared to deal with such problems. As Fred Cottrell points out, “There is a widespread feeling among the aged that most doctors are not interested in them and are reluctant to treat people who are as little likely to contribute to the future as the aged are reputed to do.” Even with the help of Medicare, the elderly in the United States often have a difficult time getting the health care that they need.”
-Coleman and Cressey, Social Problems, p. 227
Topic Sentence: Example 2

8. -adapted from Hewitt, Conceptual Physics, p. 39
“Everything moves. Even things that appear at rest move. They move relative to the sun and stars. As you're reading this you're moving at about 107,000 kilometers per hour relative to the sun. And you're moving even faster relative to the center of our galaxy. When we discuss the motion of something, we describe motion relative to something else. If you walk down the aisle of a moving bus, your speed relative to the floor of the buss is likely quite different from your speed relative to the road. When we say a racing car reaches a speed of 300 kilometers per hour, we mean relative to the track. Unless stated otherwise, when we discuss the speeds of things in our environment we mean relative to the surface of the earth; motion is relative.”
-adapted from Hewitt, Conceptual Physics, p. 39
Topic Sentence

9. Fact vs. Opinion: Review
Facts: Statements that can be verified. Once verified, facts can be accepted and regarded as reliable information.
Opinions: statements that express feelings, attitudes, or beliefs and are neither true nor false. Opinions are not reliable sources of information and should therefore be questioned and carefully evaluated.
Facts:
1. More than one million teenagers become pregnant every year.
2. The costs of medical care increase every year.
Opinions:
Government regulation of our private lives should be halted immediately.
By the year 2025, most Americans will not be able to afford routine health care.
Fact vs. Opinion: Review

10. Sometimes authors will give validity to their views by stating “expert opinions.” That is, opinions that are valid because they come from a knowledgeable and trust-worthy source. These statements are still opinions, though the author may try to present them as facts.
Brady Hoke suggests that the key to winning football games is running the ball and stopping the opposing team’s running game.
All banks and lending institutions should be strictly regulated by the federal government, explains Vice President Joe Biden.
Expert Opinions

11. Fact (F), Opinion (O), or Expert Opinion (EO)
United Parcel Service is the nation's largest delivery service.
United Parcel Service will become even more successful because it uses sophisticated management techniques.
Americans spend 13.7 billion per year on alternative medicine.
The best way to keep up with world news is to read the newspaper.
A community, as defined by sociologists, is a collection of people who share some purpose, activity, or characteristic.
The Bill of Rights comprises the first ten Amendments to the Constitution.
Archaeologists believe that the stone monument known as Stonehenge was built to serve a religious purpose.
According to Dr. Richard Sobol, a communication specialist, conflict in interpersonal relationshis is not only inevitable, it can also be beneficial.
The finest examples of landscape photography can be found in the work of Ansel Adams.
The symbol of Islam – a crescent and star – appears on the flags of nations that have a Muslim majority, such as Turkey and Pakistan.
Fact (F), Opinion (O), or Expert Opinion (EO)

12. adapted from Donatelle, Health: The Basics, p. 215
“Almost half of all American drink coffee every day, making it the most widely consumed drug in the United States. Some people believe its popularity can be explained by the “wake-up” effect of caffeine, a critical element of many people's morning ritual. A five- ounce cup of coffee contains between 65 and 115 milligrams of caffeine, depending on the brand of coffee and the strength of the brew. In addition to enhancing mental alertness and reducing fatigue, the stimulant effects of caffeine include increases in urinary output, insomnia, irregular heartbeat, and indigestion. Apparently, these rather unpleasant side effects are not enough to deter millions of Americans from their daily caffeine fix.”
adapted from Donatelle, Health: The Basics, p. 215
Closure
Topic Sentence, F, O, and EO

13. 1. Locate the topic sentence in an expository paragraph 2
1. Locate the topic sentence in an expository paragraph 2. Differentiate between statements of facts and statements of opinions in informational texts 3. Explain the differences between a writer's style and a writer's tone
Objectives

14. Pick up a survey on the way into the room
Pick up a survey on the way into the room. Please complete it, to the best of your ability, in the provided time.
Opener

15. Tone refers to the author's attitude, either stated or implied, toward his or her subject matter and the audience.
(Examples: Humorous, Informative, Instructive, Sympathetic, Persuasive)
AVOID: Mad, Sad, Glad, Bad...use more descriptive and eloquent vernacular.
Tone

16. Facts? Opinions? Expert Opinions?
“No one says that nuclear power is risk-free. There are risks involved in all methods of producing energy. However, the scientific evidence is clear and obvious. Nuclear power is at least as safe as any other means used to generate electricity.”
Tone?
Facts? Opinions? Expert Opinions?
Topic Sentence?
Tone: Example 1

17. “The condition of our city streets is outrageous
“The condition of our city streets is outrageous. The sidewalks are littered with paper and other garbage -you could trip while walking to the store. The streets themselves are in even worse condition. Deep potholes and crumbling curbs make it unsafe to drive. Where are our city tax dollars going if not to correct these problems?”
Repeated words or phrases?
Tone?
Facts? Opinions? Expert Opinions?
Topic Sentence?
Tone: Example 2

18. Topic Sentence? Write in your notes.
When Kentucky Derby winner, Barbaro, shattered his leg at the start of the Preakness Stakes in 2006, everyone in horse racing appeared stunned. Barbaro, a two-year-old racing wonder, had been expected to win. Instead he suffered irreparable injuries and had to withdraw. Yet when one considers the damage racing inflicts on young horses, it’s hard to imagine why everyone, from the owners to the fans, seemed so shocked. Horse racing is a dangerous and deadly sport for the horses, no matter how eager and spirited the animals might look at the starting gate. According to Susan Stover, a horse veterinarian at the University of California at Davis, horses sustain fatal injuries in 1.5 of every 1000 starts. The only wonder is that they do not suffer more injuries. These are young horses, whose bodies undergo almost unimaginable stress. As Jim Orsini, who treated Barbaro pointed out, "...at high speed, a horse’s leg bones can actually deform, and keep deforming until they or the ligaments or tendons eventually fail." Orsini ought to know. He is a professional horse surgeon. He works at Pennsylvania’s New Bolton Center, where Barbaro was sent to recover. Add to the stress of regular racing the fact that race horses are bred to be thin- boned—the thin bones help them break out from the starting gate more quickly— and you have a recipe for disaster. -(Source of information: Alfred Lubrano. "Horse Racing is Still Saddled by Cruelty Issue." Philadelphia Inquirer, May 27, 2006, p.10)
Topic Sentence? Write in your notes.

19. 1. Differentiate between facts, opinions, and expert opinions. 2
1. Differentiate between facts, opinions, and expert opinions. 2. Identify the topic sentence in expository paragraphs. 3. Explain the difference between style and tone. 4. Practice writing with different styles and tones.
Objectives

20. Style is the handling of language by an author, including specific word choices, sentence structure, figurative language, and so on.
Style depends on:
Sentence structure (simple or complex)
Word choice (influenced by type of writing and audience)
Imagery (Straightforward or Figurative language-simile, metaphor, etc.)
Mechanics – (dashes, punctuation marks)
Style

21. Style Vs. Tone Style Tone Diction: Word choice
Sentence structure (simple, complex)
Figurative language (similes, metaphors, etc.)
Mechanics (punctuation, etc.)
Influenced by purpose and audience
Author’s attitude toward subject matter (sarcastic, informative, advisory, gloomy, etc.)
Influenced by purpose and audience
Style Vs. Tone

22. Tone Vs. Style Types of Tone Types of Style
Subjective - tone that is influenced by personal views and may contain personal opinions Objective - the tone when a writer’s words are unbiased and unemotional Informative – (usually objective); emphasizes facts and is meant for you to learn Persuasive – (usually subjective, but can be objective); meant to sway the reader’s opinion one way or another May also be: humorous, sarcastic, sympathetic, or any other adjective to describe how someone acts/says things.
Formal style – writing in an objective, impersonal way, with precise use of language. Follows standard conventions of English. Conventions – expected style based on common rules and practices of the language. Informal – may be subjective and contain personal opinions; language may not follow standard conventions of English. Some may refer to different genres as styles

23. Tone And Style Exercise
Pick a number…… Topic: Students’ choice Tone: Pick out of a hat Style: Depends on audience
Tone And Style Exercise

24. Closure quiz Style Tone Topic Sentence Thesis Statement Expert Opinion
Fact
Objective
Subjective
Conventions
Formal style
Informal style
Statements that can be verified. Once verified, facts can be accepted and regarded as reliable information.
The handling of language by an author, including specific word choices, sentence structure, figurative language, and so on.
A broad, general statement, that summarizes the key points in the paragraph.
Writing in an objective, impersonal way, with precise use of language. Follows standard conventions of English.
Common rules and practices of a language.
Tone that is influenced by personal views and may contain personal opinions.
Refers to the author's attitude, either stated or implied, toward his or her subject matter and the audience.
Style that may be subjective and contain personal opinions; language may not follow standard conventions of English.
Opinions that are valid because they come from a knowledgeable and trust-worthy source.
The tone when a writer’s words are unbiased and unemotional.
A focus statement or main idea that is supported by facts or argument. It usually applies to an entire document, essay, or chapter
Closure quiz

25. Closure: Putting it all together
Independent practice:
Identify:
The topic sentence
Identify any statements of fact, opinions, or expert opinions
Describe the author's style
Describe the author’s tone
Closure: Putting it all together

26. Soar…Reading for eight minutes!