1. Acute Heart Failure

3. First Point of Care for AHF

4. AHF Epidemiology

5. Postdischarge Event Rate

6. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of AHF Patients

7. Perspective Acute MI vs AHF

8. ED Challenges

9. Evidence Supporting Early Use of Vasodilators in Patients Who Are Hypertensive

10. To Diurese, or Not To Diurese?

11. Early Intervention Might Mitigate Longer-term Outcomes

12. Benefits of Noninvasive Ventilation

13. Benefits of Noninvasive Ventilation (cont)

14. DOSE Trial

15. Problems With Traditional Approach With Diuresis

17. Overlap in Approach

18. Cardiogenic Shock

19. Can ED Decisions Improve Outcome?

20. The AHF Epidemic

21. Current and Emerging Therapies

22. Summary

23. Abbreviations

24. References

25. References (cont)

26. References (cont)

27. References (cont)