1. MAINTENEANCE AND REPAIR OF STARTING SYSTEMS
TOPIC 5

2. OBJECTIVES Explain the operation of the starting system
Perform a starter check on a vehicle
Perform basic maintenance on the motor of a starter.

3. Staring System Principles
Starting system uses battery power and an electric motor to crank the engine for starting,

4. EXPLAIN THE OPERATION OF THE STARTING SYSTEMSO
5.1
EXPLAIN THE OPERATION OF THE STARTING SYSTEM
5.1.1 Explain safety procedures when working on a starter Explain the different types of starter motors Describe the electric circuit Explain the components of the starter motor.

5. Explain safety procedures when working on a starterSO
5.1.1
Explain safety procedures when working on a starter
The main safety precaution when working on a starter is to;
Switch off the ignition?
Remove wire from starter solenoid?
Disconnect the battery?
Wear appropriate PPE?

6. Explain the different types of starter motors
5.1.2
Explain the different types of starter motors
Starters are classified by the type of pinion gear engagement,
Two Types:
Moveable pole shoe starter
A lever moves the pinion towards the ring gear
Solenoid starter motor
Solenoid creates a magnetic field pulls on the pinion gear to engage with the ring gear

7. STARTING SYSTEM Question 1.
Explain the main safety precaution when working on the starter system.
Name two types of starters.
Explain the difference between these starters.

8. Describe the electric circuit.SO
5.1.3
Describe the electric circuit.
Circuit components:
Battery
Battery cable
Switch
Starter housing
Armature
Field coils
Solenoid

9. Describe the electric circuit. continueSO
5.1.3
Describe the electric circuit. continue
Battery- Source of electric energy
Battery cable- link battery and starter solenoid
Switch- Activate the starter system
Starter housing- Holds the armature, brushes, field coils and armature bearings.
Armature- High torque turning power
Field coils- Create a strong magnetic field to turn the armature.
Solenoid- Pulls and engage starter pinion gear with the ring gear.

10. STARTING SYSTEM Question 2.
A starter is called an electrical-mechanical device.
True or False?

11. Explain the components of the starter motor.
5.1.4
Explain the components of the starter motor.
Components:
Starter housing - Holds the armature, brushes, field coils and armature bearings.
Armature - turning power
Field coils - Create a strong magnetic field to turn the armature.
Brushes – Carry current to revolving armature.
Commutator - Keep motor turning by controlling the current
Solenoid - Pulls and engage starter pinion gear with
Pinion gear – engages with the engine ring gear.

12. STARTING SYSTEM Question 3. What is the purpose of the brushes.
Keep the motor running by controlling the current.
Carry current to revolving armature.
Activate the starter system.
Source of electric energy

13. PERFORM A STARTER CHECK ON A VEHICLESO
5.2
PERFORM A STARTER CHECK ON A VEHICLE
5.2.1 Do a visual inspection of obvious faults.
5.2.2 Crank starter and measure battery voltage drop.
5.2.3 Measure starting current trough system.
5.2.4 Interpret voltage drop and starter current and draw conclusions.

14. Do a visual inspection of obvious faults.SO
5.2.1
Do a visual inspection of obvious faults.
Check battery voltage
Check starter wiring
and connections,
Check starter
mountings and bolts.

15. STARTING SYSTEM An ammeter measures.
Question 4.
An ammeter measures.
Voltage drop during engine cranking
The integrity of the starter wiring
The current draw during engine cranking
The condition of the brushes

16. Crank starter and measure battery voltage drop.SO
5.2.2
Crank starter and measure battery voltage drop.
Connect multi-meter
to battery.
Crank starter and measure battery voltage drop

17. Measure starting current trough system.SO
5.2.3
Measure starting current trough system.
Connect an ammeter.
Disable engine.
Crank engine for 15
seconds and note
voltage and current
readings.

18. STARTING SYSTEM Question 5.
A starter is called an electrical-mechanical device.
True or False?

19. Interpret voltage drop and starter current and draw conclusions.SO
5.2,4
Interpret voltage drop and starter current and draw conclusions.
High current reading
Starter motor most probably
faulty.
Remove starter and inspect.

20. STARTING SYSTEM Question 6.
A starter high current draw test usually indicates:
a discharged battery
engine problems
starter problems
high resistance in positive battery cable

21. PERFORM BASIC MAINTENANCE ON THE MOTOR OF A STARTER.SO
5.3
PERFORM BASIC MAINTENANCE ON THE MOTOR OF A STARTER.
ADHERE TO SAFETY PRECEDURES
Remove starter from engine.
Disassemble starter.
Inspect components for serviceability.
Replace parts.
Assemble starter and test its performance.
Refit starter motor.

22. Remove starter from engine.SO
5.3.1
Remove starter from engine.
Remove battery negative cable.
Disconnect all wiring from starter motor
Unscrew and remove the two starter mounting bolts
Remove starter motor from vehicle.
Replace a starter

23. STARTING SYSTEM Question 7 The starter motor is normally situated:
Towards the front of the engine?
At the rear of the engine close to the flywheel?
Bolted to the bell housing?
Towards the rear of the engine?

24. Disassemble starter. SO 5.3.2 NOTE: Mark all parts. Remove solenoid
Remove front and rear end plates
Remove starter clutch
Remove brushes
Disassemble a starter

26. STARTING SYSTEM Question 8.
When an engine starts, the pinion gear is disengaged by”
Solenoid return spring
Solenoid plunger
Magnetic switch
Over- running clutch

27. Inspect components for serviceability.SO
5.3.3
Inspect components for serviceability.
Check armature: Isolation and ground problems.
Inspect field coils: Isolation and ground problems.
Inspect solenoid magnetic switch: No binding
Inspect and test starter clutch. (Bendix): Inspect tooth wear and slippage.
Check brushes: Standard length 16 mm.

28. SO
5.3.4
Replace parts.
Conclusions from inspection will determine serviceability of the different components.
Replace components that do not comply with manufacture specifications.

29. STARTING SYSTEM Question 9.
Checking and inspecting the starter components enquire only:
Visual checks only
Diagnosing the components
Testing the components
Using a multi-meter for testing continuity

30. Assemble starter and test its performance.SO
5.3.5
Assemble starter and test its performance.
Different starter tests.
Pull-in-test
Hold-in-test
Clutch pinion return test
Pinion clearance
No load test
Test car starter

31. STARTING SYSTEM Question 10.
An open fault in the hold-in winding of a starter solenoid switch will most likely cause:
a) the battery to run down. b) the solenoid to move in and out, or chatter. c) the starter drive to remain engaged after the engine is running. d) excessively high current draw from the starter .

32. SO
5.3.6
Refit starter motor.
Refit starter and secure all mounting bolts and nuts.
Refit all wiring
Refit battery negative cable
Start engine and observe starter performance.

33. STARTING SYSTEM Question 11.
Refitting the starter motor after repairs requires:
Submit a written report
Testing the operation of the starter motor
Order new parts

34. STARTING SYSTEM
Any Questions??
THANK YOU