1. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 1
Windows
Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

2. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 2
Windows
Provide natural light and ventilation to the interior of a building
The glass in the windows must be strong enough to resist wind pressure
The thickness of the glass increases as the size of the glass pane increases
Different materials for windows
Timber
Steel
Plastic
Aluminium
Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

3. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 3
Windows
Parts of the fixed frame
transom
Parts of the moving sash
Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

4. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 4
Windows
Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

5. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 5
Windows
The minimum area of window in habitable room should be 10% of the floor area
The minimum opening area of the window in habitable room should be 5% of the floor area
Windows – Types of opening section
Side hung windows
Top hung windows
Bottom hung windows
Louvres
Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

6. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 6
Windows – Types of opening section
Bottom hung windows - have hinges at the bottom and securing catch at the top. This windows opens in and needs a special stay to stop it falling to the room
Louvres – individual pieces of glass held in clips and opened by a lever arm which locks the louvres in position
Side hung windows – have hinges on one side and the fastening catch and handle on the other
Top hung windows – have hinges at the top and a securing stay at the bottom.
Open outward
Side hung windows
Top hung windows
Bottom hung windows
Louvres
Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

7. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 7
Windows and its sizes
Custom made or standard
Custom made – window designed for a specific building
Standard - manufacturer produces a range of windows to fit typical windows
Height is determined by the size of the lintel
Other factors that influence the height are
Security – Small windows are more secure
Heat gain – Heat from surrounding surfaces enter through a window
Glare – The intensity of light entering from outside may need to be restricted
Handling – the practicalities of lifting and transporting window units
Height varies from 300mm to 1500mm
Window heights are increased in increments of 300mm
If you build a door into the window design, then the structure has an overall height of 2100 or 2400mm
Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

8. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 8
Windows and its sizes
Combination windows
The height of a window with a moving part should be less than 900 mm or the glass will be too heavy and subject to distortion from strong winds
Although the total height can be upto 2400 mm, the vertical sash should be divided into panels
Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

9. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 9
Windows and its sizes
Special Glass – 2 types
Wired glass – 6 mm thick, reinforced with wire – clear or obscure
Toughened glass – cannot be cut – when it breaks, shatters into harmless pieces
Louvered windows
Window with rows of sloping blades of timber or glass called louvres fitted into a frame.
Louvres slope out and down to deflect rain water. May need an insect screen to keep insects out.
Glass – 3 types
Clear glass – 3 to 4 mm thick
Obscure glass – toilets and bathrooms – 4mm thick – come in a variety of patterns
Special glass – internal or external doors for stronger safety
Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

10. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 10
Two methods for fixing glass in timber shutter frames
Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

11. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 11
Detailing timber windows
Longitudinal Section
Cross Section
Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

12. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 12
Detailing timber windows
Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian