1. Topics Origin and adaptive superiority of vascular system,
seed and flower
Lycophytes – Club mosses
Pteridophytes – Ferns and allies – one phylum
Gymnosperms – four phyla
Angiosperms – one phylum – most plants

2. Seedless Vascular Plants
Kingdom – Plantae
Ch. 27. p
Seedless Vascular Plants
Club ‘mosses’ (Lycopodiophyta) and Ferns (Pteridophyta) – two clades
Vascular tissue - large size - strength - lignin
sporophytic dominance

3. Pteridophyta - Life Cycle
Kingdom – Plantae
Ch. 27. p. 573.
Pteridophyta - Life Cycle

4. plant life cycles compared I – the homosporous life cycle (nonvascular plants, most seedless vascular plants)
released and
disseminated
spore
growth by mitosis
meiosis
gametophyte
haploid
sporangium
mature
sporophyte
archegonia
antheridia
diploid
egg
growth by mitosis
sperm
embryo
zygote
fertilization

5. Seed Develops from Consists of
Kingdom – Plantae
Ch. 28, p
Seed
Develops from
Fertilized ovule
(Ovule = Megasporangium covered by integument)
Consists of
Embryonic sporophyte
Nutritive tissue
Protective coat
Seeds covered in ovary (fruit) – Angiosperms
not covered in ovary but on open scales of cones – no
fruit – Gymnosperms
Draw the cladogram of seed plants

6. phylum Cycadophyta - cycads Dioecious

7. Phylum Ginkgophyta - the ginkgo tree – Gingko biloba

8. Phylum – Coniferophyta (Pinophyta) female pine cone

9. cluster of male pine cones

10. white pine – an important northern commercial species

11. stand of longleaf pines – an important southern commercial species

12. Phylum - Gnetophyta
Ephedra spp Gnetum spp.

13. parts of complete flower
male parts
female parts

14. a typical fruit – the apple
expanded ovary wall
seeds

15. monocots vs. dicots – the flower
lily – a monocot – count the petals
monocots vs. dicots – the flower
hibiscus – a dicot – count the petals
orchid – a monocot – count the petals

16. monocots vs. dicots – the leaves
monocot leaf
monocot leaf
dicot leaves
petiole

17. monocots vs. dicots – the seeds

18. structure of a dicot seed - notice the two cotyledons

19. monocot vs. dicot stem c/s
xylem
phloem
conducts water and dissolved minerals
conducts dissolved sugars
monocot stem
vascular bundles
dicot stem

20. some typical monocots
corn
wheat
rice

21. some typical monocots
grass
bamboo
sugar cane

22. garlic and onion - monocots

23. tulips – a monocot

24. rose
some typical dicots
tomatoes
live oak