1. Organelles in Plant and Animal Cells

2. Burn Victim
Healing time is radically reduced and scarring almost eliminated by bioengineering skin!

3. Death of Tissue

4. Cell Diversity
Not all cells are alike! They vary in…
A) size
B) shape
C) internal organization
SIZE: range from .2m – 0.2um (most are 10-50um)
-not all are microscopic (most are) ex: giraffe’s nerve cells extend 6.5 ft. down its leg!!
Cells are limited in size by the ratio between their outer surface area and their volume

5. Eukaryotes
THE NUCLEUS separates the genetic material from the rest of the cell.
Variety of organisms; large and complex

6. Internal Organization
Organelles: parts of a cell, have specific jobs
Tissues: groups of cells that have a similar function

7. Skin Cells

8. Organ Systems
Organ systems- a group of organs that work together to perform a set of related tasks. Digestive system includes: the stomach, esophagus, intestines and mouth.
Cells→Tissues→Organs→Organ Systems

9. Human Circulatory System

10. Cell Organelles!
Cell Membrane – separates cell from external environment, gives shape and flexibility to cell
selectively permeable – some substances can pass while others cannot
Lipid bilayer
Hydrophillic (water loving)
Hydrophobic (water fearing)

11. Continue… Cytoplasm: Portion outside the nucleus
Gelatin like aqueous fluid called cytosol
Cytoplasmic streaming (cyclosis)
Mostly water but also salts and organic molecules

12. Continue…
Mitochondria: power house of the cell! Where cellular respiration occurs
Convert chemical energy stored in food  production of ATP
Has it’s own DNA
Cristae: inner membrane creating many folds to increase surface area

13. Continue…
Ribosomes: where proteins are made; found throughout cytoplasm; protein “factory”
Free Floating Ribosome: make proteins for the cell
Ribosomes attached to ER: make proteins to be exported from the cell

14. Continue…
Endoplasmic Reticulum: (ER) acts as a highway for molecules to move around the cell.
Smooth ER: does NOT contain ribosomes; Contains enzymes that detoxify drugs (in liver cells) or synthesizes lipids
Rough ER: does contain ribosomes; Produces proteins for other membranes or for secretion (export)

15. Continue… Golgi Apparatus (bodies) processes, packages, and secretes
a) product is assembled (moves from ER to golgi, where it is put together and adjusted)
b) product is packaged (in new sacs)
c) product is mailed out (sent out of cell)

16. Continue….
Cilia: short hair like projections can beat together to move an organism ex: humans trachea cilia move fluids and mucus! YUM

17. Continue…
Flagella: long, whiplike projections, single or in pairs, rapid movement, ex: sperm

18. Continue….
Nucleus: brains! Control center of cell, DNA & RNA are made here!
Nuclear envolope: double membrane with pores
Chromatin: fine strands of DNA & protein
Nucleolus: inside nucleus where ribosomes are made

19. Continue…
Lysosome: digestive enzymes, digest food, disease causing bacteria, old organelles, ex: lysosomes eat up tissue between fingers in embryos, usually only in animal cells

20. Continue… Cytoskeleton- helps shape & support cells
Microtubules: long slender protein tubes form spindle fibers
during mitosis (separate chromosomes during mitosis)
Microfilaments: fine protein threads (actin), flexible framework for the cell, participate in cytoplasmic movements

21. Animal cell only!
Centrioles: cell reproduction; organize cell division
Centrosome: cell reproduction

22. Animal Cell

23. Contractile vacuole
Some unicellular organisms have a contractile vacuole to pump out excess water

24. Oranelles in Plant Cells ONLY
Cell Wall: rigid covering made of cellulose, protects cell, goes OUTSIDE cell membrane, porous enough for certain substances

25. Continue….
Central Vacuole: huge structure which may take up 90% of the space in plant cell
Holds water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
Increases rigidity

26. Continue….
Plastids
a) chloroplasts : site for photosynthesis; green pigment  chlorophyll; capture energy from sunlight and convert it into food for chemical energy
b) chromoplasts: stores red and yellow pigment
c) leucoplasts: non pigmented

27. PLANT CELL

28. Prokaryotes DO NOT separate genetic material within a nucleus
Simpler than eukaryotes
Still carry out life processes