1. The Introduction to Wildlife
Animal Cells
The Introduction to Wildlife

2. The Cell:
The smallest unit in living things that shows the characteristics of life; the basic building blocks of life. In animals, there can be many cells which all have a different function.

3. The two main types of cells are:
Plant Cell
Animal Cell

4. What are cells made of?
Made up of tiny membrane-bound structures called ORGANELLES. Each organelle is a specialized structure that carries out a specific role in the cell.

5. Nucleus
Serves as the control centre for a cell. If it is removed the cell dies.

6. Nuclear membrane
A double-layered, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the nucleus.

7. Dense, granular bodies within the nucleus that produce ribosomes.
Nucleolus
Dense, granular bodies within the nucleus that produce ribosomes.

8. Chromosomes
Long thin strands of chromatin that make up the DNA in cells.

9. DNA
The hereditary material of the cell. Chromatin is DNA bound to various proteins. Found in the nucleus.

10. cell membrane
Separates the cell from its surrounding environment. Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell.

11. Cytoplasm
The watery material lying within the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus.

12. Endoplasmic reticulum
A system of fluid-filled canals that serve as paths for the transport of materials through the cell. Rough ER contains ribosomes on its surface. Smooth ER does not contain ribosomes.

13. Ribosome
Small particles in the cell where protein is made.

14. Golgi Body
Stacks of flattened membrane sacs that serve as processing, packaging and storage centers for the products released from the cell.

15. Lysosome
Small, sac like structures that digest and break- down materials in the cell.

16. Mitochondrion
Round or slipper shaped organelles that release energy for the cell. Contains an inner membrane that is highly folded, forming cristae.

17. Centrioles
Barrel shaped organelles that form spindle fibers to help chromosomes during cell division. Spindle fibers help separate chromosomes in cell division.

18. Cilia and Flagella
Projections from the cell that move material around the cell or move the cell itself. Flagella are longer and more ‘tail like’ than cilia.

19. vacuole
Fluid-filled organelles used for storage. Very small in animal cells.

20. The jobs of cells
Animal cells provide 2 essentially needed functions for any animal:
Movement: The ability of a cell to either move itself within an environment OR move the environment around it is essential to life.
All animals (with very rare exceptions) need to move in some way.
There are specialized cells that allow it to this.
These include nerve cells and muscle cells.

22. 2) Cells also need to be involved in nutrition for the animal.
The Jobs of cells
2) Cells also need to be involved in nutrition for the animal.
They have to be able to take in materials, process them and either use them in the cell or release them for other cells to use.
Material either comes into cells (ENDOCYTOSIS) or is removed from cells (EXOCYTOSIS).