1. Cells & Cell Organelles
Doing Life’s Work

2. I. What is a Cell? The smallest unit of life
Contains all 8 properties of life
Capable of carrying out all the functions of a living thing.

3. II. Why study cells? Cells  Tissues  Organs  Bodies
bodies are made up of cells
cells do all the work of life!

4. Our organelles do all these jobs!
A. The Jobs of Cells
Cells have 3 main jobs
make energy
need energy for all activities
need to clean up waste produced while making energy
make proteins
proteins do all the work in a cell, so we need lots of them
make more cells
for growth
to replace damaged or diseased cells
Our organelles do all these jobs!

5. They’re like mini-organs!
B. Organelles
Organelles do the jobs within cells
each structure has a job to do
keeps the cell alive; keeps you alive
They’re like mini-organs!
Model Animal Cell

6. Summary Time
What is a cell?
Why do we study them?

7. A. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
In 1673, Leeuwenhoek (a Dutch microscope maker), was first to view organism (living things)
Leeuwenhoek used a simple, handheld microscope to view pond water & scrapings from his teeth

8. B. Robert Hooke First to view cells
In 1665, Robert Hooke used a microscope to examine a thin slice of cork (dead plant cell walls)
What he saw looked like small boxes

9. Robert Hooke Hooke is responsible for naming cells
Hooke called them “CELLS” because they looked like small rooms

10. C. The Cell Theory
In 1838, a German botanist named Matthias Schleiden concluded that all plants were made of cells

11. Beginning of the Cell Theory
2. In 1839, a German zoologist named Theodore Schwann concluded that all animals were made of cells

12. Beginning of the Cell Theory
In 1855, a German medical doctor named Rudolph Virchow observed, under the microscope, cells dividing
He reasoned that all cells come from other pre-existing cells by cell division

13. CELL THEORY All living things are made of cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism (basic unit of life)
Cells come from the reproduction of existing cells (cell division)

14. Summary
What is the cell theory?
Why is it important?

15. D. ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY
In 1970, American biologist, Lynn Margulis, provided evidence that some organelles within cells were at one time free living cells themselves
Supporting evidence included organelles with their own DNA
Chloroplast and Mitochondria

16. Prokaryotic cell is engulfed
Endosymbiosis
Prokaryotic cell is engulfed
Eukaryotic cell
Mutualism
Prokaryotic cell

17. What is the endosymbiotic theory Why is it important?
Summary
What is the endosymbiotic theory
Why is it important?

18. IV. Differences in Cells
bacteria cells
Prokaryote
- no organelles
Eukaryotes
- organelles
animal cells
plant cells

19. A. Number of Cells
Although ALL living things are made of cells, organisms may be: 1. Unicellular – composed of one cell 2. Multicellular- composed of many cells that may organize into tissues, etc.

20. B. Simple or Complex Cells

21. 1. Prokaryotes – The first Cells
Cells that lack a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
Includes bacteria
Simplest type of cell
DNA is circular

22. 2. Eukaryotes Cells that HAVE a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals
More complex type of cells

23. Endoplasmic reticulum
3. Plant vs. Animal Cells
PLANT CELL
ANIMAL CELL
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Nucleus
Cytoskeleton
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosomes
HAVE:
Cell Wall
LARGE vacuoles
Chloroplasts
HAVE:
Centrioles

24. Summary

25. ORGANELLES
Bacterial Cell
Plant Cell
Animal Cell

26. DNA DNA is the instructions for making protein Found in: Plant Cells
Animal Cells
Bacteria Cells
Some Viruses

27. Nucleus
Contains DNA
Found in:
Plant Cells
Animal Cells

28. Ribosomes make proteins Found in: Plant Cells Animal Cells
Bacteria Cells

29. Golgi Apparatus (Bodies)
Sorts, packages and transports proteins
Found in:
Plant Cells
Animal Cells

30. Vacuole Temporary storage of materials. Found in:
Plant Cells: have 1 large vacuole
Animal Cells: have many small vacuoles

31. Chloroplast
Uses sunlight to make energy
Located in PLANT cells

32. Mitochondria Turn food into useable energy Found in Plant Cells
Animal Cells

33. CYTOPLASM Jelly that holds all organelles in place Found in:
BACTERIA CELLS
PLANT CELLS
ANIMAL CELLS

34. Cell Membrane Controls what comes in and out of the cell Found in:
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Bacteria Cells

35. Cell Wall
Maintains cell structure by keeping a cell from bursting or collapsing.
Found in:
Plant Cells
Bacteria Cells

36. FLAGELLA- whip-like tail used to move Found in:
ANIMAL CELLS
BACTERIA CELLS

37. Hair-like structure used to move.
Cilia
Hair-like structure used to move.
Found in:
ANIMAL CELLS
BACTERIA CELLS

38. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum RER
Helps make proteins using ribosomes
In Plants and Animals

39. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum SER
Processes carbohydrates & lipids
In plants and animals

40. Lysosome Break down molecules Found in: Very few plant Cells
Animals Cell
Very few plant Cells