1. Chapter 21: Leading up to war
Learning Objectives:
Explain how dictators were able to gain power in 1930s
Explain how Japan expanded during 1930s
Describe how American felt about joining another world war
Explain why the US joined the war
Language Objectives:
Compose news broadcasts to retell story of the outbreak of WWII
Match vocab words with definitions by reading & listening
Form, state, & discuss opinion on a war topic
Identify ways to recognize a point of view

2. The rise of dictators The US benefited from WWI in the 1920s
Economy got strong from supplying goods
America had no damage to the country
European countries were still trying to rebuild
Their economies were destroyed
Some countries tried to start democracies
Some countries were desperate for things to get better, so they looked to strong leaders (dictators) to fix things
Dictators are rulers who have complete power in a country

4. Communism in the Soviet Union
Communism took over Russia
Communist Party leads a revolution
Country name changes to Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), or Soviet Union
Joseph Stalin comes to power in 1924
Cruel leader
If you went against him, he had you killed, or exiled out of the country
Over 10 million Soviet citizens were killed under his rule
Joseph Stalin
“Man of Steel”

5. Fascism in Italy Italy was on winning side in WWI
It’s government and economy were weakened by WWI
People were striking (not working) & rioting
They turned to Benito Mussolini for help and hope
Italian Fascist Party
In 1919, Mussolini started this political party
Fascists are Party members who support a dictator
Mussolini thought war was glorious
He became Prime Minister of Italy in 1922
Benito Mussolini

6. Totalitarian Government
Many people tried to speak out against Stalin and Mussolini, but were usually arrested, beaten, killed or imprisoned
In a totalitarian government, people have NO right to think, speak, or write freely about their opinions
Totalitarian governments have a network of spies who watch and report on the citizens

7. Nazism in Germany Germany suffered more than any other country in WW1
The National Socialist Party took control of the country
A Nazi is a member of this party, led by Adolf Hitler
In 1933, he becomes chancellor, or leader, of Germany
Treaty of Versailles
Hitler reminded people that the WWI treaty punished Germany more than any other country
They had to pay the costs of the war – reparations – economy was already bad
Adolf Hitler

8. Nazism in Germany
Hitler convinced many people of some of his other ideas also
He said
Germans are better than others
Germans should rule the world
Germans were the “master race”
He blamed other people for Germany’s problems
Jewish people
Communists
Other “undesirable” people
Adolf Hitler

9. Nazism in Germany
Hitler was especially against Jewish people and began persecuting them
Jewish children could no longer go to German schools
Jewish doctors, lawyers, teachers could no longer work in German businesses
Jewish people could not shop in some stores
Jews were forced to wear yellow six-pointed stars that represented the Star of David to show they were Jews

10. The road to War Hitler believed Germany could be most powerful
He needed more land to achieve that
1st he invaded the Rhineland
Area between Germany & France
France and Great Britain were mad, but took no action
They followed “appeasement” policy
Giving in to keep the peace
1938, Hitler took control of Austria
Then demanded the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia
3 millions Germans lived there
French & British leaders met with him in Munich, Germany
Agreed he could have it, if he stopped invading

11. German Advances in WW2

12. War Breaks out again
In 1939, German troops take control of all of Czechoslovakia
Aug. 1939, Soviets agree with Germany to take over Poland and divide it up
When they invade, Britain & France declare war on Germany
In 1940, Germany invades Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and finally France
Great Britain now must face Hitler’s forces alone

13. Animated map of WWII

14. Section 2: Japan rises to power
In the 1920s, Japan had been peaceful, a democracy
Military leaders took control in the early 1930s
Japan began rising as a military power

15. Japan expands its empire
Japan wanted to become the ruler of Asia
Militarism – they begin building a stronger military
Japan needs more natural resources (oil and coal) to keep its factories (industries) running
Japan does not have many natural resources
In 1931, it invades Manchuria, a province in China to get natural resources
Renames if Manchukuo, and controls it from Japan
A puppet government
In 1937, Japan attacks China again
US is worried, but doesn’t send any help

16. The seeds of war Japan’s attack on China leads to a full-scale war
By 1938, Japan controls most of eastern China
Japan’s military leaders planned to take control of all of eastern Asia and started invading other islands
They wanted and needed the natural resources –mostly oil
Japan becomes friendly with Germany & Italy, and signs an anti-communist agreement

18. Section 3: From Isolation to pearl harbor
Many Americans do NOT want to get involved in another European war
However, other Americans wondered whether the US had a duty to help other countries
The Great Depression was going on, and many people felt the country should focus on solving its own problems, not Europe’s problems

19. Staying out of the war The US passed laws to keep it out of the war
Isolationists were glad because they wanted to stay out of the war.
One law was “cash and carry”
It said that nations at war could buy goods for cash if they could “carry” them back to their country

20. Staying out of the war
President Roosevelt understood why Americans were isolationist, but he felt the US should be a good neighbor & stand up to dictators
He was spending most of his time trying to end the Great Depression

21. The end of isolation In 1940, Roosevelt was elected to a 3rd term
Many Americans wanted him to be president if they went to war
He promised he would keep them out of war
First time ever for a president
However, people could see Hitler wasn’t stopping and could come to the US one day
Roosevelt starts the 1st peacetime draft
In Great Britain, Winston Churchill was elected Prime Minister
He asked the US for help – it needed more money for weapons

22. The end of isolation
Roosevelt pushed Congress to pass the lend-lease plan
It gave the President the power to lend or lease supplies to a country whose defense would affect the US
It was dangerous to send the supplies
German submarines would sink the ships (like in WWI)
Americans felt the war getting closer and closer

23. Pearl harbor
In Sept 1940
Japan, Italy & Germany become allies
Meanwhile, Japan continued to invade other countries in Asia
To protest what Japan was doing, Roosevelt stopped trade with Japan
He banned oil shipments
Japan could not keep its military running without oil
The US and Japan tried to talk through their issues
Neither side would give in

24. Pearl harbor While they were talking
Japan was planning to attack the US navy base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii – part of the US
Japan’s plan was to take out most of the US Navy, so the US would not be able to recover and fight quickly
On Dec. 7, 1941, just as the sun rose, and it was a beautiful day, Japanese pilots flew to Hawaii and began dropping bombs on Oahu Island
They destroyed 19 US ships and killed over 2,400 Americans

25. Pearl harbor
On Dec. 8, the next day, President Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan
Congress did, and the US was once again joined the Allies and was in a world war