1. The rise of Russia
Chapter 18 Review

2. Big Things The effects of Mongol occupation
Expansion and elimination of Asian nomad threat
Development of absolutism
Westernization and identity issues
Economic weakness
Serfdom
Social unrest and repression
The Four Esses: Soot, Sorrow, Snow, Stolichnaya
Identity issues: Russian/slave, Asian, Western, House of Rurik stuff.

3. A “Quick”-ish Narrative
Ivan III rejects Mongol tribute
Revival of Russian identity (Rurik)
Desire to be the Third Rome: Hence “Tsar”
Expansion: self-defense
Diplomats sent to Western states
Ivan IV
Troubled youth (bad boyars!)
Continued expansion; recruit first Cossacks
Establishes ties with British merchants
Italians “imported” for buildings and art
Wrath at Boyar Conspiracy
Kills own son (& only heir)

4. …Continued…
Time of Troubles
No heir for Ivan
Boyar resurgence, new political conflict
Polish and Swedish invasions
Help me, Mikhail Romanov (you’re my only hope)
Michael Romanov
Pacifies Boyars
Drives out invaders
Pushes to Ottoman borders
Alexis Romanov
Abolishes assemblies of nobles
Gains new powers over church
Religious reforms; row with “Old Believers”

5. …continued…
Peter I (The Great)
Huge, energetic, intelligent, determined, cruel
Traveled throughout the West
Brought observations and artisans back
Created new nobles to secure loyalty
^Weakened landed aristocracy
Reformed military (weapons and organization)
Established secret police
Expansion: Stalemate against the Ottomans
Expansion: Conquered Swedish territory; access to Baltic
Built St. Petersburg; moved capital (symbolic?)
Training institutes for bureaucratic and military posts
Economic reform: metallurgy/Iron
Economic reform: rewards for using serfs for manufacturing
Cultural reform: No more marriage whip
Cultural reform: Western-style clothing

6. …Continued…
Peter I cont.
Cultural reform: no beard for you.
Other evidence of Westernization: Ballet, Christmas trees
BUT a very selective Westernization
A Few Rough Decades
What if the Tsar has absolute power but is weak and ineffectual?
Further expansion into Siberia
Peter III (the I’s Grandson)
Not retarded—political apocrypha
Perhaps more of a reformer…

7. …Continued…
Catherine II (The Great)
German-born
Possibly had Peter III assassinated
An Enlightened Monarch? (serfs, censorship, tyranny…)
Pugachev’s Rebellion
“Instruction of 1767”—selective Westernization (p. 397)
Arts, sciences, legal reforms
Gave nobles power over serfs—Why?
The Radishev problem
Expansion: Crimea from Ottomans
Expansion: All the way to Alaska
Expansion: Partition of Poland—A European power-player
She eventually died.

8. Multinational Empire Slavs of many kind Muslims Other Asians
Demography
Multinational Empire
Slavs of many kind
Muslims
Other Asians
Rural and Poor

9. Migrations and Patterns of Settlement

10. New Technologies
Um…

11. Religion
Russian Orthodox
Islam
Catholicism (conquered Poland)

12. Politics
Rise of absolutism
Diminished Boyars
No Popular Sovereignty

13. Economics Archaic agriculture Limited manufacturing Cash poor
A few super wealthy
Majority poor serfs; no commercial class

14. But limited “Westernization
Major Themes
Big changes from
Massive expansion
Rise of Tsarist power
But limited “Westernization

15. Doubters Gotta Doubt, But…
Russian Territory at the Start of this Area of Study

16. Russian Territory at the End of this Area of Study
Blammo! Check This Out
Russian Territory at the End of this Area of Study
About where we started

17. Significant continuities too Serfdom and oppression
Major Themes
Significant continuities too
Serfdom and oppression
Trade and economic weakness
Consequence: Social unrest

18. What do you See?
Mongol siege of Kiev

19. Ivan III declines to pay tribute
What do you See?
Ivan III declines to pay tribute

20. Ivan III tears up letter from the Khan
What do you See?
Ivan III tears up letter from the Khan

21. What do you See?
Ivan III

22. What do you See?
Ivan IV

23. Child abuse: Ivan IV cradles his dead son
What do you See?
Child abuse: Ivan IV cradles his dead son

24. What do you See?
Michael Romanov

25. What do you See?
Peter the Great

26. What do you See?
Peter the Great

27. What Do You See?
Peeta the Great

28. Cossacks conquering Siberia
What do you See?
Cossacks conquering Siberia

29. What do you See?
Cossack

30. What do you See?
Don Cossack

31. What do you See?
Repin Cossacks

32. What do you See?
Cossack Officer, 1720

33. What do you See?
Catherine the Great

34. What do you See?
Catherine the Great

35. Russian serfs singing (compare to U.S. slaves)
What do you See?
Russian serfs singing (compare to U.S. slaves)

36. Russian serfs greeting a noble
What do you See?
Russian serfs greeting a noble

37. What do you See?
Serf field work

38. What do you See?
Pugachev

39. Pugachev administering justice
What do you See?
Pugachev administering justice

40. What do you See?
The Kremlin, Moscow

41. Winter Palace, St. Petersburg
What do you See?
Winter Palace, St. Petersburg

42. What do you See?
Red Square, Moscow

43. What do you See?
St. Basil’s Moscow

44. Catherine Palace, St. Petersburg
What do you See?
Catherine Palace, St. Petersburg

45. Bolshoi Theater, Moscow
What do you See?
Bolshoi Theater, Moscow