1. Protist Evolution
BIOL 1407

2. Domain Eukarya is Sister Taxon to Domain Archaea

3. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

4. Evolution of Cytoskeleton
Some bacteria have proteins similar to actin & tubulin
Actin = MreB
Tubulin = FtsZ
More info:

5. Endomembrane System Endomembrane system of eukaryotes: ↑ Surface Area
Nuclear envelope ER
Golgi
Vesicles & vacuoles
↑ Surface Area

6. Evolution of Endomembrane System
Some bacteria: plasma membrane folded to inside

7. Evolution of Endomembrane System

8. Primary Endosymbiosis
Formed when host cell engulfs another prokaryote
Mutualistic relationship develops
Become a single cell

9. Evidences for Primary Endosymbiosis
Size
Enzymes and transport systems
Binary fission
Circular chromosome
Genome still active
Ribosomes
DNA sequences

10. Evolution of Mitochondria
Molecular evidence
Alpha proteobacteria is sister taxon to mitochondria

11. Primary Endosymbiosis

12. Evolution of Chloroplasts
Molecular evidence
Cyanobacteria is sister taxon to chloroplasts

13. Secondary Endosymbiosis
Eukaryotic cell engulfed by another eukaryote
Evolves into an organelle

15. Adaptive Radiation of Eukaryotes

16. Fossil Evidence Earliest body fossils: 2.1 bya
Fossil cysts (acritarchs) of dinoflagellate ancestors
Molecular fossils: 2.7 bya
Sterols
(Acritarch)

19. The End
Unless otherwise specified, all images in this presentation came from:
Campbell, et al Biology, 8th ed. Pearson Benjamin Cummings.