1. Evolution and Phylogeny

2. Two hypotheses about the origin of H. sapiens
Multiregional hypothesis
“Out of Africa” hypothesis

3. Relationships of different populations using mtDNA
~150,000ya
7 Daughters of Eve, fig. 1

4. Newer Data: Estimated time of divergence for several DNA regions
Fig 3

5. Newer Data: Estimated time of divergence for several DNA regions
Fig 3

6. Time before present of common ancestor using several DNA regions
Fig 7

7. Two hypotheses about the origin of H. sapiens
Multiregional hypothesis: disproved by mtDNA data
“Out of Africa” hypothesis: disproved by other DNA data

8. Proposed model of human evolution/
migration (based on mt and nuclear DNA)
Additional migrations
Expansion from Asia to Africa
Out of Africa of Homo sapiens
Out of Africa
Fig 9
Out of Africa of Homo erectus

9. Molecular similarities show relationships that are not obvious by morphology
CB 25.2

10. CB 25.5 and 40.3
Convergent Evolution

11. Species phylogeny hierarchy Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom
CB 25.8
Phylum
Kingdom
Domain

12. Phylogeny and its connection to evolution
CB 25.9
Phylogeny and its connection to evolution

13. Phylogenies as multiple hypotheses
CB 25.14
Phylogenies as multiple hypotheses

14. Evolutionary basis of Domains
CB 25.18
Evolutionary basis of Domains

15. Life as we know it…
CB 26.22

16. Next… Plant Physiology