1. ECOSYSTEMS & COMMUNITIES Chapter 4
Mrs. Yanac
Biology 1B

2. Weather vs. Climate Weather – DAY TO DAY condition of the atmosphere
Climate – average YEAR TO YEAR situation of temperature and precipitation of an area

3. Greenhouse effect
Natural trapping of heat around the earth due to gases in the atmosphere

4. Latitude
Due to the tilt of the planet, sunlight hits the planet at different angles, resulting in different climates.

6. Environmental Factors
Biotic – all of the living parts of the ecosystem
Plants
Animals
Fungi
Microorganisms
Abiotic – all of the nonliving parts of the ecosystem
Land
Water
Soil
Light

7. Habitat The area where an organism lives
Includes both biotic & abiotic factors

8. Niche
All the ABOITIC & BIOTIC factors in a habitat AND the way an organism uses those things
The ROLE a species plays in an ECOSYSTEM
No 2 species can occupy the same niche, at the same place, at the same time (competition exclusion principle)

9. Community Interactions
Symbiosis – a relationship where 2 organisms live closely together
Mutualism – Both benefit
Commensalism – One benefits, one is unaffected
Parasitism – One benefits, one is harmed

10. Ecological Succession
Predictable changes to an ecosystem over time
PRIMARY SUCCESSION –
Occurs where no soil exists
(on bare rock)
SECONDARY SUCCESSION – Occurs in an area previously disturbed by natural disaster or human disturbance

12. Biomes (terrestrial) Group of ecosystems that have
Certain climate (temperature & rainfall)
Soil conditions
Plants (flora)
Animals (fauna)
Examples:
Tundra, Rainforest, Desert, Grasslands

14. Aquatic Biomes Freshwater Standing water  Lakes & ponds
Flowing water  Rivers & streams
Marine (salt water)
Oceans

15. Littoral zone - inshore, shallow, high light levels
Limnetic zone - offshore, high light levels, upper regions of water column
Profundal zone - aphotic
Benthic zone – bottom substrate; often rich in detritus

17. Estuaries Where saltwater & freshwater mix
EX: Where a river runs into the ocean
Unique ecosystem
Brackish water

18. Coral Reefs
Highly diverse (both flora & fauna)
Found in photic zone

19. The End :0)