1. Chemistry of Life
Unit 1 Part 2

2. Matter Any material or substance with mass or volume Exists in 3 forms
Solid
Liquid
Gas

3. Atoms
All matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms. An atom is the smallest part of an element that still has the properties of that element.

4. Sub-atomic particles
Atoms are made up of 3 kinds of sub- atomic particles
Protons  p+ (positive charge)
Neutrons  n0
(no charge
Electrons  e-
(negative charge)
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5. Breakdown of an atom
Atomic number = number of protons & electrons
The symbol represents the atom. Here it is Carbon
The atomic mass – the atomic number = number of neutrons 6 C
12.011

6. Elements
Matter made up of only one type of atom is referred to as an element

7. There are 92 elements found naturally
The most common elements in living things are:
Hydrogen (H) 59%
Oxygen (O) 24%
Carbon (C) 11%
Nitrogen (N) 4%
Others such as phosphorus (P) & sulphur (S) 2% combined

8. Law of Conservation of Matter
Matter can not be created nor destroyed it is just converted to a different form.
C6H12O6 – 24 total atoms
6 carbon atoms
12 hydrogen atoms
6 oxygen atoms

9. Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2
How many total atoms are there? _________
How many are there are each side?
Balance the equation
C = C =
O = O =
H = H =

10. Compounds/Molecules Structural formula Glucose  C6H12O6
Compounds – are made of 2 or more different atoms combined to form Molecules.
New substances with new properties are created, like NaCl
Glucose  C6H12O6 C H O
Structural formula

11. Organic Molecules
Organic
always contain C & H and usually O, N, sometimes S & P
originate in organisms
generally complex molecules
Usually covalent bonding
Examples:
Carbohydrates
C,H,O
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
C,H,O,N (sometimes P,S)
Lipids
C,H,O,N,P

12. Thanks to www.worldofteaching.com
Inorganic Molecules
Inorganic
usually don’t contain Carbon
generally come from the earth
generally simple molecules
Usually ionic bonding
Examples:
H+O = H20 (water)
H+Cl = HCl (hydrochloric acid)
C+O = CO2 (carbon dioxide)
Na+Cl = NaCl (salt)
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