1. Cell Structure & Function

2. Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

3. Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

4. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell

5. Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

6. Prokaryotic No membrane bound organelles
No nucleus (the DNA floats in the cytoplasm)
Few internal structures
One-celled organisms, Bacteria

7. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
Has DNA enclosed in a nucleus
Most living organisms Ex: Plants Animals Protists and Fungi
Plant
Animal

8. “Typical” Animal Cell

9. “Typical” Plant Cell

10. Structures in the cell with a specific function
Cell Parts
Organelles
Structures in the cell with a specific function

11. Surrounding the Cell

12. #4 Cell Membrane
Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
Separates cell from environment
“Gatekeeper”

13. #5. Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria
Supports & protects cells
Non-living. Made of cellulose

14. Inside the Cell

15. #3. Nucleus with nuclear membrane
Directs cell activities
Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
Contains genetic material – DNA
The “Control Center”

16. Nuclear Envelope or Nuclear Membrane
Surrounds and protects nucleus
Made of two layers
Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus
“Mini Gate Keeper”

17. #11. DNA-Chromatin (relaxed) or Chromosomes
In nucleus
Made of DNA
Contain instructions for traits & characteristics

18. #1. Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture that holds the organelles in the cell
Surrounded by cell membrane
“Jello”

19. #10. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Moves materials around in cell
Cavities connected to nuclear envelope
Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface
“Subway System”

20. #8. Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins
Found on ER & floating throughout the cell
“The Protein Factories”

21. #2. Mitochondria
Produces energy (ATP) through cellular respiration – breaking down fats & carbohydrates (glucose)
“The Powerhouse”

22. #7. Golgi Bodies or Golgi Apparatus
Protein 'packaging plant'
Packs proteins so they can be sent out of the cell
“Fed Ex” or “Packers”

23. #9. Lysosome Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
Digest proteins and worn out parts of the cell
“Digestive System” or “Clean-up Crew”
Mainly in animal cells

24. #6. Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storing food, water, and waste
Very large in plant cells. Smaller in animal cells
Help plants maintain shape
“Storage tank”

25. #12. Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells
Contains green pigment ‘chlorophyll’ that traps energy from the sun
Where photosynthesis takes place